Utilization of Chicken Eggshell Waste as an Adsorbent in the Purification of Glycerol

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 84 views

Utilization of Chicken Eggshell Waste as an Adsorbent in the Purification of Glycerol

Introduction

Glycerol is a by-product of the biodiesel production process, accounting for 10-20% of the total biodiesel weight. However, raw glycerol (crude glycerol) contains various impurities such as inorganic salts, catalysts, water, and non-licherol organic materials (MONG) containing free fatty acids, methyl ester, glycerides, and alcohol (generally methanol or ethanol). The presence of these contaminants significantly affects the concentration of glycerol, making an effective purification method essential to eliminate these impurities.

The Importance of Glycerol Purification

Glycerol is a valuable chemical with various applications in the biodiesel industry and other sectors. However, its use is limited by the presence of impurities, which can affect its quality and concentration. The purification of glycerol is a crucial step in optimizing its use, and various methods have been developed to achieve this goal. In this study, we aim to purify glycerol through two methods: acidification using phosphate and adsorption using chicken eggshell waste.

Acidification Using Phosphate

The acidification process involves the use of phosphoric acid to neutralize impurities and increase glycerol purity. The process begins with glycerol pretreatment using phosphoric acid with a variety of weight ratios (W/W) added acid, which are 1: 0.2; 1: 0.4; 1: 0.6; 1: 0.8; and 1: 1. The acidification process is carried out in a chemical industry process laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of North Sumatra, Medan.

Adsorption Using Chicken Eggshell Waste

The adsorption process involves the use of chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent to bind various impurities in glycerol. The eggshell contains calcium carbonate, which functions as a natural adsorbent. The adsorption process is carried out using chicken eggshell waste with adsorbent weight variables (%w/w) of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. The process is carried out with a stirring speed of 250 rpm and adsorption time for 120 minutes.

Raw Materials and Analysis

The raw materials used in this study are crude glycerol by-products of the biodiesel factory with an initial level of 37.223%. The analysis of raw materials and purification results is carried out to measure density, water content, ash content, and glycerol levels, as well as composition analysis using gas chromatography. The best purification results are obtained in the ratio of 1: 0.6 acidification weight ratio and percent of adsorbent weight 15%, with glycerol levels of 67.22%, density of 1,171 gr/cm³, water content of 2.796%, ash content 13.852%, and MONG levels 16.130%.

Additional Analysis and Explanation

The purification of glycerol is an important step in optimizing its use, both in the biodiesel industry and other applications. The acidification process carried out with phosphoric acid functions to neutralize impurities and increase glycerol purity. Furthermore, the use of chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent is an environmentally friendly innovation, considering that this waste is generally discarded without utilization.

Chicken eggshell contains calcium carbonate, which functions as a natural adsorbent, which can bind various impurities in glycerol. With an increase in post-refining glycerol levels, it is expected that the quality of glycerol can be improved and meet the standards set for various industrial needs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of using chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent in the purification of glycerol. The results show that the use of eggshell waste can improve the quality of glycerol and meet the standards set for various industrial needs. This study also highlights the importance of sustainability and the utilization of efficient resources in the chemical industry. The development of this method can contribute to the creation of more sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial processes.

Future Research Directions

This study inspires further research on the use of waste in the chemical industry, as well as the development of more effective and efficient purification methods. The use of chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent can be explored further, and other types of waste can be investigated for their potential use in the purification of glycerol. Additionally, the development of more efficient and cost-effective methods for the purification of glycerol is essential for the growth of the biodiesel industry.

References

[1] BS 261: 1979. Specification for Glycerol.
[2] [Author's Name]. (Year). Title of the thesis. University of North Sumatra.
[3] [Author's Name]. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pp. Page Numbers.

Appendix

The appendix includes additional information and data that support the findings of this study. This includes the raw data used in the analysis, the calculation of the results, and any additional information that may be relevant to the study.
Q&A: Utilization of Chicken Eggshell Waste as an Adsorbent in the Purification of Glycerol

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent in the purification of glycerol. Glycerol is a by-product of the biodiesel production process, and its purification is essential to improve its quality and concentration.

Q: What are the methods used in this study?

A: The methods used in this study include acidification using phosphate and adsorption using chicken eggshell waste. The acidification process involves the use of phosphoric acid to neutralize impurities and increase glycerol purity, while the adsorption process involves the use of chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent to bind various impurities in glycerol.

Q: What are the benefits of using chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent?

A: The use of chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent has several benefits, including its environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and ability to improve the quality of glycerol. Chicken eggshell waste is generally discarded without utilization, making it a valuable resource for the purification of glycerol.

Q: What are the results of this study?

A: The results of this study show that the use of chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent can improve the quality of glycerol and meet the standards set for various industrial needs. The best purification results were obtained in the ratio of 1: 0.6 acidification weight ratio and percent of adsorbent weight 15%, with glycerol levels of 67.22%, density of 1,171 gr/cm³, water content of 2.796%, ash content 13.852%, and MONG levels 16.130%.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are significant, as it demonstrates the effectiveness of using chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent in the purification of glycerol. This study also highlights the importance of sustainability and the utilization of efficient resources in the chemical industry. The development of this method can contribute to the creation of more sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial processes.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: The future research directions include further investigation of the use of waste in the chemical industry, as well as the development of more effective and efficient purification methods. The use of chicken eggshell waste as an adsorbent can be explored further, and other types of waste can be investigated for their potential use in the purification of glycerol.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the use of a single type of waste (chicken eggshell waste) and the limited scope of the study. Further research is needed to investigate the use of other types of waste and to develop more effective and efficient purification methods.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The potential applications of this study include the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial processes, the improvement of the quality of glycerol, and the reduction of waste in the chemical industry.

Q: What are the potential challenges of implementing this method?

A: The potential challenges of implementing this method include the availability of chicken eggshell waste, the cost of collection and processing, and the need for further research and development to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the method.

Q: What are the potential benefits of implementing this method?

A: The potential benefits of implementing this method include the reduction of waste in the chemical industry, the improvement of the quality of glycerol, and the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial processes.