Use of PAC as a coagulant material

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 52 views

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Aluminum Chloride Poly (PAC) and Alum for Turbidity and Manganese Content (MN) in Raw Water in the Water Treatment Plant (IPA) PDAM Tirtanadi Hamparan Silver

Introduction

The quality of water is a crucial aspect of human health and the environment. In the Water Treatment Plant (IPA) PDAM Tirtanadi Hamparan Silver, the use of coagulants is essential to remove impurities and contaminants from raw water. Two common coagulants used in water treatment are aluminum chloride poly (PAC) and alum. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of PAC and alum in reducing turbidity and manganese content (MN) in raw water in the Water Treatment Plant (IPA) PDAM Tirtanadi Hamparan Silver.

Background

Turbidity and manganese content are two significant parameters that affect the quality of water. Turbidity refers to the cloudiness or haziness of water, which can be caused by suspended particles or organic matter. Manganese is a heavy metal that can pollute water and has the potential to harm human health. In the water treatment process, coagulants are used to remove these impurities and contaminants. PAC and alum are two common coagulants used in water treatment, but their effectiveness in reducing turbidity and manganese content has not been extensively studied.

Methodology

This study was conducted using the same dose of PAC (19 ppm and 21 ppm) and alum (19 ppm and 21 ppm) in the Water Treatment Plant (IPA) PDAM Tirtanadi Hamparan Silver. The results were measured using a Spectrophotometer DR/2400 with a wavelength of 295 Nm. The turbidity was measured using a turbidity meter, and the manganese content was measured using a Spectrophotometer DR/2400.

Results

The results of this study showed that the turbidity of PAC at a dose of 19 ppm reached 0.81 NTU and at a dose of 21 ppm reached 0.57 NTU. As for alum, at a dose of 19 ppm the turbidity is 5.90 NTU and at a dose of 21 ppm to 2.68 NTU. The results also showed that the level of manganese at PAC at a dose of 19 ppm is 0.1 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l for a dose of 21 ppm. Meanwhile, the level of manganese in alum with a dose of 19 ppm is 0.2 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l at a dose of 21 ppm.

Analysis of Research Results

From these observations, it appears that the use of PAC is far more effective in reducing turbidity than alum, even at lower doses. This shows that PAC has better flocculation capability, so that it can coagulate fine particles in water that causes turbid. This advantage is very important in the water treatment process, because clear water is easier to process and meet quality standards.

In terms of manganese content, PAC also shows better results than alum. Manganese is one of the heavy metals that can pollute water and has the potential to harm human health. Therefore, a more significant decrease in manganese levels using PAC is an added value in the water treatment process.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that aluminum chloride poly (PAC) poly is superior to alum in terms of reducing turbidity and manganese content in raw water in the Water Treatment Plant (IPA) PDAM Tirtanadi Hamparan Silver. The use of PAC in small doses is not only effective but can also help companies save operational costs. Thus, the adoption of PAC as a coagulant material in water treatment is highly recommended to improve the quality of water produced.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Use of PAC as a coagulant material: The use of PAC as a coagulant material in water treatment is highly recommended to improve the quality of water produced.
Small dose of PAC: The use of small doses of PAC is effective in reducing turbidity and manganese content in raw water.
Cost savings: The use of PAC can help companies save operational costs.
Environmental and health aspects: The results of this study contribute to increasing more efficient and safer water treatment methods.

Limitations

This study has some limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study is small, which may limit the generalizability of the results.
Limited scope: This study only compares the effectiveness of PAC and alum in reducing turbidity and manganese content in raw water.
No control group: This study does not have a control group, which may limit the ability to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of PAC and alum.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

Comparing the effectiveness of PAC and alum in different water treatment processes: This study only compares the effectiveness of PAC and alum in reducing turbidity and manganese content in raw water. Future research can compare the effectiveness of PAC and alum in different water treatment processes.
Investigating the effects of PAC and alum on other water quality parameters: This study only investigates the effects of PAC and alum on turbidity and manganese content. Future research can investigate the effects of PAC and alum on other water quality parameters.
Developing new coagulant materials: This study only compares the effectiveness of PAC and alum. Future research can develop new coagulant materials that are more effective and safer than PAC and alum.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Comparison of Aluminum Chloride Poly (PAC) and Alum for Turbidity and Manganese Content (MN) in Raw Water

Q: What is the main difference between PAC and alum?

A: The main difference between PAC and alum is their effectiveness in reducing turbidity and manganese content in raw water. PAC is a more effective coagulant than alum, especially at lower doses.

Q: What are the benefits of using PAC in water treatment?

A: The benefits of using PAC in water treatment include:

Improved water quality
Reduced turbidity and manganese content
Cost savings
Environmental and health benefits

Q: How does PAC work in water treatment?

A: PAC works by coagulating fine particles in water that causes turbidity. This process makes it easier to remove impurities and contaminants from the water.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include:

Small sample size
Limited scope (only compares the effectiveness of PAC and alum in reducing turbidity and manganese content in raw water)
No control group

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: The future research directions for this study include:

Comparing the effectiveness of PAC and alum in different water treatment processes
Investigating the effects of PAC and alum on other water quality parameters
Developing new coagulant materials

Q: What are the implications of this study for water treatment plants?

A: The implications of this study for water treatment plants include:

The use of PAC as a coagulant material can improve water quality and reduce costs
The use of small doses of PAC can be effective in reducing turbidity and manganese content
The adoption of PAC as a coagulant material can contribute to more efficient and safer water treatment methods

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The potential applications of this study include:

Water treatment plants
Environmental monitoring and assessment
Public health and safety
Research and development of new coagulant materials

Q: What are the potential risks associated with the use of PAC?

A: The potential risks associated with the use of PAC include:

Overdosing, which can lead to the formation of harmful byproducts
Inadequate treatment, which can lead to the presence of impurities and contaminants in the water
Incompatibility with other treatment processes or materials

Q: How can the results of this study be applied in real-world settings?

A: The results of this study can be applied in real-world settings by:

Implementing the use of PAC as a coagulant material in water treatment plants
Conducting further research to investigate the effects of PAC on other water quality parameters
Developing new coagulant materials that are more effective and safer than PAC and alum

Q: What are the next steps for this research?

A: The next steps for this research include:

Conducting further studies to investigate the effects of PAC on other water quality parameters
Developing new coagulant materials that are more effective and safer than PAC and alum
Implementing the use of PAC as a coagulant material in water treatment plants