The Process of Making Alkali from Brown Skin

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 25 views

Introduction

The world is shifting towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to production and consumption. One of the ways to achieve this is by utilizing waste materials as raw materials for various products. In the context of the brown industry, brown skin, which is often discarded as waste, has been found to have great potential as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap. This study aims to investigate the ability of brown skin as a source of alkaline in making liquid soap, as well as analyzing the characteristics of natural soap produced using coconut oil as a source of fatty acids.

The Process of Making Alkali from Brown Skin

The initial stage of this study focused on alkaline extraction of brown skin. Brown skin is dried in an oven at 105 ° C for 24 hours to remove any moisture content. The dry brown skin is then ground using a ball mill until it becomes fine powder. This brown leather powder is then burned in a furnace at 600 ° C for 6 hours to produce brown leather ash. The brown leather ash is then reacted with distilled water at 65 ° C for 60 minutes to dissolve the potassium contained in ash. As a result, an alkaline solution was obtained with a potassium concentration of 1.01 N. Analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed that potassium content in the form of potassium hydroxide reached 39.91%. This indicates that the brown skin can be effectively used as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap.

Making Liquid Soap with Alkaline Brown Skin and Coconut Oil

The process of making liquid soap further involves a saponification reaction between alkaline brown skin and coconut oil. In this study, the saponification temperature was varied (50, 65, and 80 ° C), stirring time (2, 3, and 4 hours), and reaction time (0, 12, and 24 hours). The results showed that the liquid soap pH was in the range of 8.2-10.2, with free alkaline content ranging from 0.0089-0.0378%. Liquid soap density ranges from 1.02-1.12 g/cm3, and saponification numbers range from 197.52-282.18 mg/g. These results indicate that the characteristics of the liquid soap can be controlled by varying the saponification temperature, stirring time, and reaction time.

Advantages of Natural Liquid Soap Based on Brown Skin

Natural liquid soap produced from this process has several advantages:

Environmentally Friendly

Using brown skin waste as a source of alkaline, thereby reducing waste disposal and supporting the concept of circular economy.

Natural and Safe

Made from natural ingredients without the addition of harmful chemicals, so it is safer for the skin and the environment.

Economic Potential

Utilizing brown leather waste into economic value products, thus opening new business opportunities and increasing added value.

Conclusion

This study shows that brown skin has a great potential as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap. The natural liquid soap produced has good characteristics and is environmentally friendly. This study can open up opportunities for the development of natural liquid soap industry based on brown skin waste, support the sustainability of the environment, and increase the added value of the brown industry waste.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for further research on the use of brown skin as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap. Future studies can focus on optimizing the process of making alkali from brown skin, as well as exploring the use of other waste materials as sources of alkaline. Additionally, the development of natural liquid soap industry based on brown skin waste can create new business opportunities and increase the added value of the brown industry waste.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Utilize brown skin waste as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap.
Optimize the process of making alkali from brown skin to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the process.
Explore the use of other waste materials as sources of alkaline for making liquid soap.
Develop the natural liquid soap industry based on brown skin waste to create new business opportunities and increase the added value of the brown industry waste.

By following these recommendations, the brown industry can reduce waste disposal, support the concept of circular economy, and create new business opportunities.

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of brown skin as a source of alkaline in making liquid soap, as well as analyzing the characteristics of natural soap produced using coconut oil as a source of fatty acids.

Q: What is the process of making alkali from brown skin?

A: The process of making alkali from brown skin involves drying the brown skin in an oven at 105 ° C for 24 hours, grinding it into fine powder, burning it in a furnace at 600 ° C for 6 hours to produce brown leather ash, and then reacting it with distilled water at 65 ° C for 60 minutes to dissolve the potassium contained in ash.

Q: What are the characteristics of the liquid soap produced using alkaline from brown skin and coconut oil?

A: The liquid soap pH was in the range of 8.2-10.2, with free alkaline content ranging from 0.0089-0.0378%. Liquid soap density ranges from 1.02-1.12 g/cm3, and saponification numbers range from 197.52-282.18 mg/g.

Q: What are the advantages of natural liquid soap based on brown skin?

A: The natural liquid soap produced from this process has several advantages, including being environmentally friendly, natural and safe, and having economic potential.

Q: How can the process of making alkali from brown skin be optimized?

A: The process of making alkali from brown skin can be optimized by varying the drying temperature, grinding time, and burning time to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the process.

Q: Can other waste materials be used as sources of alkaline for making liquid soap?

A: Yes, other waste materials can be used as sources of alkaline for making liquid soap. Future studies can focus on exploring the use of other waste materials as sources of alkaline.

Q: What are the potential applications of natural liquid soap based on brown skin?

A: The natural liquid soap produced from this process can be used as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to commercial liquid soaps. It can also be used as a base for other personal care products, such as shampoos and body washes.

Q: How can the natural liquid soap industry based on brown skin waste be developed?

A: The natural liquid soap industry based on brown skin waste can be developed by creating new business opportunities and increasing the added value of the brown industry waste. This can be achieved by investing in research and development, marketing, and distribution.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using brown skin waste as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap?

A: The potential benefits of using brown skin waste as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap include reducing waste disposal, supporting the concept of circular economy, and creating new business opportunities.

Q: What are the potential challenges of using brown skin waste as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap?

A: The potential challenges of using brown skin waste as a source of alkaline for making liquid soap include the need for further research and development, the potential for contamination, and the need for proper handling and disposal of the waste material.

By answering these frequently asked questions, we hope to provide a better understanding of the process of making liquid soap using alkaline from brown skin (Theobroma cacao L.) with coconut oil and the potential benefits and challenges of using brown skin waste as a source of alkaline.