Introduction The development of cosmetics in recent years has shown significant progress, especially in making products in the form of humid gel. Moist gel is a semisolid system consisting of suspension of small organic particles or large organic molecules submerged in fluids, also known as jelly. This gel has the ability to moisturize the skin, contain lots of water, and provides a refreshing cold effect, making it ideal for use in hot weather and is suitable for oily skin. This is a very good choice for the skin of Indonesian people. The increasing demand for humid gel products has led to a growing interest in the development of new formulations that can provide additional benefits to the skin .
Background Carboxymethyl chitosan, which has more carboxyl groups, can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules so that they can hold water stronger and have the potential to maintain facial skin moisture. In addition, nanogold in this preparation functions as an antidote to free radicals and has antibacterial properties. In this study, Niacinamide was used as a whitening or anti-modern agent in a humid gel formulation. The combination of carboxymethyl chitosan and nanogold has been shown to have potential in skin care applications, including moisturizing and anti-aging properties .
Objective The purpose of this study is to formulate and evaluate moist gel preparations containing nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan with niacinamide as a whitening agent. The moist gel formulation process is carried out by preparing a concentration of 20 ppm nanogold, 0.20% carboxymethyl chitosan, and a concentration of 3% niacinamide which is then mixed with a gel base with a concentration of 0.30%. The evaluation of this humid gel preparation includes stability tests, pH tests, homogeneity tests, viscosity tests, irritation tests, and anti-modern effectiveness tests (humidity, elasticity, pores, stains, and wrinkles), as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activity tests .
Materials and Methods The materials used in this study include carboxymethyl chitosan, nanogold, niacinamide, and a gel base. The preparation of the humid gel formulation was carried out by mixing the carboxymethyl chitosan, nanogold, and niacinamide with the gel base. The concentration of each component was optimized to achieve the desired properties of the humid gel .
Results The evaluation results show that this humid gel is stable stored for 4 weeks at room temperature, with a pH ranging from 5.6 to 4.5, is homogeneous, and has a viscosity of 64.5 MPa. Which does not cause irritation to the skin. The effectiveness of this humid gel preparation in reducing stains shows the percentage of moisture recovery between 13.33% to 83.33%, elasticity between 17.64% to 50%, pores between 54.54% to 86.36%, reduction of stains between 76.92% to 96.29%, and reduction in wrinkles between 61.11% to 88.88% . Zone of inhibition for S. Aureus and P. Acnes bacteria each shows the optimum value of 8.5 mm and 12.5 mm, as well as the percentage of antioxidant activity of 53.49%.
Discussion From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the combination of nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan containing niacinamide as a whitening agent can be formulated into an effective cosmetic moist gel preparation. This study makes an important contribution in the field of cosmetics by offering solutions not only to maintain skin moist but also to whiten and protect from various skin problems, such as acne and premature aging .
Conclusion In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan in the formulation of a humid gel preparation with niacinamide as a whitening agent. The results of this study have shown that this humid gel preparation is stable, non-irritating, and effective in reducing stains and wrinkles . This study has made an important contribution to the field of cosmetics and has the potential to be developed into a commercial product.
Recommendations Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to optimize the formulation of the humid gel preparation and to evaluate its safety and efficacy in human subjects. It is also recommended that the use of nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan be explored in other applications, such as wound healing and tissue engineering .
Limitations This study has several limitations, including the use of a small sample size and the lack of control group. It is also limited by the fact that the study was conducted in vitro and not in vivo . However, despite these limitations, this study has made an important contribution to the field of cosmetics and has the potential to be developed into a commercial product.
Future Directions Future studies should focus on optimizing the formulation of the humid gel preparation and evaluating its safety and efficacy in human subjects. It is also recommended that the use of nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan be explored in other applications, such as wound healing and tissue engineering . Additionally, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of the humid gel preparation on the skin and to explore its potential use in other cosmetic applications.
Conclusion In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan in the formulation of a humid gel preparation with niacinamide as a whitening agent. The results of this study have shown that this humid gel preparation is stable, non-irritating, and effective in reducing stains and wrinkles . This study has made an important contribution to the field of cosmetics and has the potential to be developed into a commercial product.
Q: What is the purpose of this study? A: The purpose of this study is to formulate and evaluate moist gel preparations containing nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan with niacinamide as a whitening agent.
Q: What are the benefits of using carboxymethyl chitosan in this study? A: Carboxymethyl chitosan has more carboxyl groups, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, allowing it to hold water stronger and maintain facial skin moisture.
Q: What is the role of nanogold in this study? A: Nanogold functions as an antidote to free radicals and has antibacterial properties, making it a valuable addition to the humid gel preparation.
Q: What is the concentration of each component in the humid gel formulation? A: The concentration of each component is as follows: 20 ppm nanogold, 0.20% carboxymethyl chitosan, and a concentration of 3% niacinamide, mixed with a gel base with a concentration of 0.30%.
Q: What are the evaluation results of the humid gel preparation? A: The evaluation results show that the humid gel is stable stored for 4 weeks at room temperature, with a pH ranging from 5.6 to 4.5, is homogeneous, and has a viscosity of 64.5 MPa. It also does not cause irritation to the skin.
Q: What are the effectiveness results of the humid gel preparation in reducing stains and wrinkles? A: The effectiveness results show that the humid gel preparation is effective in reducing stains and wrinkles, with a percentage of moisture recovery between 13.33% to 83.33%, elasticity between 17.64% to 50%, pores between 54.54% to 86.36%, reduction of stains between 76.92% to 96.29%, and reduction in wrinkles between 61.11% to 88.88%.
Q: What are the results of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity tests? A: The results of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity tests show that the humid gel preparation has a zone of inhibition for S. Aureus and P. Acnes bacteria of 8.5 mm and 12.5 mm, respectively, and a percentage of antioxidant activity of 53.49%.
Q: What are the limitations of this study? A: The limitations of this study include the use of a small sample size and the lack of control group. It is also limited by the fact that the study was conducted in vitro and not in vivo.
Q: What are the future directions of this study? A: Future studies should focus on optimizing the formulation of the humid gel preparation and evaluating its safety and efficacy in human subjects. It is also recommended that the use of nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan be explored in other applications, such as wound healing and tissue engineering.
Q: What are the potential applications of this study? A: The potential applications of this study include the development of a commercial product for skin care and the exploration of the use of nanogold and carboxymethyl chitosan in other applications, such as wound healing and tissue engineering.
Q: What are the implications of this study for the field of cosmetics? A: This study has made an important contribution to the field of cosmetics by offering solutions not only to maintain skin moist but also to whiten and protect from various skin problems, such as acne and premature aging.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using this humid gel preparation? A: The potential benefits of using this humid gel preparation include improved skin moisture, reduced stains and wrinkles, and protection from various skin problems, such as acne and premature aging.
Q: What are the potential risks of using this humid gel preparation? A: The potential risks of using this humid gel preparation include skin irritation and allergic reactions. However, the study has shown that the humid gel preparation is non-irritating and does not cause skin irritation.
Q: What are the next steps for this study? A: The next steps for this study include further optimization of the formulation of the humid gel preparation, evaluation of its safety and efficacy in human subjects, and exploration of its potential use in other applications, such as wound healing and tissue engineering.