The Importance of Fasting Blood Sugar and Cholesterol Levels in Cardiovascular Health

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 133 views

Relationship Ratio of Fasting Blood Sugar Levels/ High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Major Cardiovascular Clinical Events (KKYM) in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome (METS) is a significant contributor to coronary heart disease, resulting in high mortality rates. The ratio of fasting blood sugar levels (FBG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C) has the potential to be a predictor associated with an increased risk of clinical cardiovascular major events (KKYM). This study aims to analyze the relationship between the FBG/HDL-C ratio and KKYM events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

The Importance of Fasting Blood Sugar and Cholesterol Levels in Cardiovascular Health

Fasting blood sugar levels (FBG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C) are crucial indicators of cardiovascular health. Elevated FBG levels are often associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, while low HDL-C levels are linked to other cardiovascular risk factors. The ratio of FBG to HDL-C has been shown to be a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between the FBG/HDL-C ratio and KKYM events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methodology

This study is a retrospective observational study conducted on patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention procedures (PCI) at H Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Data collection was carried out from January 2022 until the desired sample number was achieved. Patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be assessed based on laboratory parameters, including fasting blood sugar levels and HDL-C levels. The FBG/HDL-C ratio is then calculated. Numerical variables are presented in the form of standard and standard deviations for normally distributed data, and median (minimum - maximum) for non-normally distributed data. Furthermore, the analysis was carried out using the T Student or Mann Whitney U test, with P Value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

The results showed that the average HDL-C content of the research sample was 38 ± 8.7 mg/dl, while the average FBG level was 113.0 ± 41.8 mg/dl. After the calculation, the FBG/HDL-C ratio of the average research sample is 3.19. Bivariate analysis shows a significant correlation between the FBG/HDL-C ratio and KKYM events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI. The FBG/HDL-C ratio with a cutoff of 3,345 shows a sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 76.8%.

The Significance of the FBG/HDL-C Ratio in Predicting KKYM Events

This study highlights the importance of the FBG/HDL-C ratio as an indicator of KKYM risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The high level of fasting blood sugar, contributed by an unhealthy lifestyle, as well as low HDL-C levels, often associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, shows that individuals with this ratio have a higher risk of serious heart events. The FBG/HDL-C ratio not only provides information about the patient's metabolic conditions but can also function as a simple and inexpensive screening tool in clinical practice.

The Potential of the FBG/HDL-C Ratio in Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation

The FBG/HDL-C ratio has the potential to be an important addition in cardiovascular risk evaluation. With a fairly good sensitivity and specificity, this ratio can be used to identify patients who require further attention and aggressive management to prevent further complications. Further research is needed to deepen understanding of the mechanism that underlies this relationship and to explore the right intervention for patients with high-risk ratios.

Conclusion

The FBG/HDL-C ratio is a device that has the potential to predict major cardiovascular clinical events in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. With a sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 76.8%, this ratio can be an important addition in cardiovascular risk evaluation and can assist in future clinical decision making. Further research is needed to deepen understanding of the mechanism that underlies this relationship and to explore the right intervention for patients with high-risk ratios.

Recommendations for Future Research

Future research should focus on exploring the underlying mechanisms of the FBG/HDL-C ratio in predicting KKYM events. Additionally, studies should investigate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the FBG/HDL-C ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Furthermore, the development of a more accurate and reliable screening tool for KKYM events is essential to improve cardiovascular health outcomes.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size was relatively small, which may have affected the accuracy of the results. Secondly, the study was conducted in a single hospital, which may not be representative of the broader population. Finally, the study did not investigate the impact of other cardiovascular risk factors on the FBG/HDL-C ratio.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to replicate the findings of this study in larger and more diverse populations. Additionally, the development of a more accurate and reliable screening tool for KKYM events is essential to improve cardiovascular health outcomes. Furthermore, the exploration of the underlying mechanisms of the FBG/HDL-C ratio in predicting KKYM events is crucial to deepen understanding of this relationship.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of the FBG/HDL-C ratio as an indicator of KKYM risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The FBG/HDL-C ratio has the potential to be an important addition in cardiovascular risk evaluation and can assist in future clinical decision making. Further research is needed to deepen understanding of the mechanism that underlies this relationship and to explore the right intervention for patients with high-risk ratios.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Relationship Ratio of Fasting Blood Sugar Levels/ High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Major Cardiovascular Clinical Events (KKYM) in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Q: What is the relationship ratio of fasting blood sugar levels to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (FBG/HDL-C)?

A: The FBG/HDL-C ratio is a measure of the relationship between fasting blood sugar levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It is calculated by dividing the fasting blood sugar level by the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.

Q: What is the significance of the FBG/HDL-C ratio in predicting KKYM events?

A: The FBG/HDL-C ratio has been shown to be a significant predictor of KKYM events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. A higher FBG/HDL-C ratio is associated with a higher risk of serious heart events.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including a relatively small sample size and a single hospital setting. Additionally, the study did not investigate the impact of other cardiovascular risk factors on the FBG/HDL-C ratio.

Q: What are the potential applications of the FBG/HDL-C ratio in clinical practice?

A: The FBG/HDL-C ratio has the potential to be used as a simple and inexpensive screening tool in clinical practice to identify patients who require further attention and aggressive management to prevent further complications.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using the FBG/HDL-C ratio in cardiovascular risk evaluation?

Q: What are the potential risks of using the FBG/HDL-C ratio in clinical practice?

A: The FBG/HDL-C ratio is a relatively new and emerging marker, and further research is needed to fully understand its potential risks and limitations. Additionally, the ratio should not be used in isolation, but rather as part of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment.

Q: How can the FBG/HDL-C ratio be used in conjunction with other cardiovascular risk factors to improve cardiovascular health outcomes?

A: The FBG/HDL-C ratio can be used in conjunction with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, lipid profiles, and family history, to improve cardiovascular health outcomes. By considering multiple risk factors, healthcare providers can develop a more comprehensive understanding of a patient's cardiovascular risk and develop targeted interventions to reduce that risk.

Q: What are the potential future directions for research on the FBG/HDL-C ratio?

A: Future research should focus on exploring the underlying mechanisms of the FBG/HDL-C ratio in predicting KKYM events, as well as investigating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the FBG/HDL-C ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Additionally, studies should aim to replicate the findings of this study in larger and more diverse populations.

Q: How can healthcare providers use the FBG/HDL-C ratio in clinical practice to improve cardiovascular health outcomes?

A: Healthcare providers can use the FBG/HDL-C ratio as a simple and inexpensive screening tool to identify patients who require further attention and aggressive management to prevent further complications. By considering the FBG/HDL-C ratio in conjunction with other cardiovascular risk factors, healthcare providers can develop a more comprehensive understanding of a patient's cardiovascular risk and develop targeted interventions to reduce that risk.

Q: What are the potential implications of the FBG/HDL-C ratio for public health policy and practice?

A: The FBG/HDL-C ratio has the potential to be an important addition in cardiovascular risk evaluation, allowing for earlier identification of patients at high risk of KKYM events and enabling more effective management and prevention of cardiovascular disease. By incorporating the FBG/HDL-C ratio into public health policy and practice, healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve cardiovascular health outcomes.