The Importance of Allopurinol in Gout Treatment

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 109 views

Determination of Allopurinol Levels in Tablet Preparations with Trade Names and Generics by Spectrophotometry of Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)

Introduction

Allopurinol, a widely used medication for treating hyperuricemia and gout, is a crucial drug that requires precise dosing to ensure its effectiveness. One way to guarantee the quality and efficacy of drug preparations is to verify the levels of the active substance contained in them. This study aims to determine the level of allopurinol in tablet preparations with trade and generic names, as well as assessing its suitability with the standards set in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia.

The Importance of Allopurinol in Gout Treatment

Allopurinol, also known as 1H-Pirazol [3,4-D] Pirimidin-4–ol, is a medication that functions to reduce uric acid levels in the blood. It is essential to ensure the right dose of allopurinol to guarantee its effectiveness in treating gout. The correct dosage of allopurinol can significantly impact the treatment outcome, making it crucial to verify the levels of the active substance in tablet preparations.

Research Methods

In this study, the method used to determine the level of allopurinol is a spectrophotometry of Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). This method involves creating a calibration model with five different concentrations. Measurement is carried out in the range of wave numbers 4000-400 cm^-1, which allows for the analysis of molecular components with high precision. The validation process is carried out to ensure the accuracy of the results, where the absorbance data of each sample is recorded for further analysis.

The FTIR Spectrophotometry Method

The FTIR spectrophotometry method is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses infrared radiation to analyze the molecular structure of a substance. This method is widely used in pharmaceutical analysis due to its high precision and accuracy. The FTIR spectrophotometry method involves measuring the absorbance of infrared radiation by a sample, which is then used to determine the concentration of the substance.

Research Results

The analysis results show that allopurinol levels in generic tablets and trademarks are as follows:

GENERIC Tablet Allopurinol HexPharm Jaya: 101.89 ± 1.50%
GENERIC Tablet Allopurinol Kimia Farma: 98.18 ± 1.20%
Zyloric® Tablet: 100.74 ± 2.09%
Tablet Kolton®: 98.32 ± 2.09%
OMERIC® Tablet: 100.49 ± 2.74%
Alluric® tablets: 97.81 ± 2.00%

Most tablets show that allopurinol levels that meet the Pharmacopoeia Indonesian Edition VI 2020 requirements. The validation of the method shows the results of the acquisition test of 100.01%, with a 0.59% RSD. LOD (Limit of Detection) and LoQ (Limit of Quantification) are found in 1,5703% and 5,2343%, indicating that the FTIR method is accurate and reliable.

Conclusion

This study concluded that the determination of allopurinol levels in tablets can be carried out effectively using the FTIR spectrophotometry method. The results obtained show that allopurinol levels in various tablet preparations are in accordance with the criteria set by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. This is important to ensure the safety and effectiveness of treatment for patients who need therapy for reducing gout. With this accurate and high precision method, the quality of drug preparations can be guaranteed, so as to make a major contribution to public health.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

The FTIR spectrophotometry method can be used as a reliable and accurate method for determining allopurinol levels in tablet preparations.
The results of this study can be used as a reference for pharmaceutical companies to ensure the quality and efficacy of their products.
Further studies can be conducted to investigate the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in other pharmaceutical applications.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The study was conducted using a limited number of samples.
The study was conducted using a single analytical method (FTIR spectrophotometry).
The study did not investigate the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in other pharmaceutical applications.

Future Directions

Future studies can be conducted to investigate the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in other pharmaceutical applications, such as:

Determining the levels of other active substances in tablet preparations.
Investigating the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in the analysis of other pharmaceutical products.
Developing new analytical methods using FTIR spectrophotometry.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the FTIR spectrophotometry method in determining allopurinol levels in tablet preparations. The results obtained show that allopurinol levels in various tablet preparations are in accordance with the criteria set by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. This study contributes to the development of reliable and accurate analytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis, which is essential for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of treatment for patients who need therapy for reducing gout.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Determination of Allopurinol Levels in Tablet Preparations with FTIR Spectrophotometry

Q: What is allopurinol and why is it important in gout treatment?

A: Allopurinol is a medication used to treat hyperuricemia and gout. It functions to reduce uric acid levels in the blood, making it essential to ensure the right dose to guarantee its effectiveness in treating gout.

Q: What is FTIR spectrophotometry and how is it used in pharmaceutical analysis?

A: FTIR spectrophotometry is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses infrared radiation to analyze the molecular structure of a substance. It is widely used in pharmaceutical analysis due to its high precision and accuracy.

Q: What are the benefits of using FTIR spectrophotometry in determining allopurinol levels in tablet preparations?

A: The benefits of using FTIR spectrophotometry include high precision and accuracy, non-destructive analysis, and the ability to analyze multiple samples simultaneously.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study has several limitations, including the use of a limited number of samples, the use of a single analytical method (FTIR spectrophotometry), and the lack of investigation into the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in other pharmaceutical applications.

Q: What are the recommendations for future studies?

A: Future studies can be conducted to investigate the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in other pharmaceutical applications, such as determining the levels of other active substances in tablet preparations, investigating the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in the analysis of other pharmaceutical products, and developing new analytical methods using FTIR spectrophotometry.

Q: What are the implications of this study for pharmaceutical companies?

A: The results of this study can be used as a reference for pharmaceutical companies to ensure the quality and efficacy of their products. Pharmaceutical companies can use FTIR spectrophotometry as a reliable and accurate method for determining allopurinol levels in tablet preparations.

Q: What are the potential applications of FTIR spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis?

A: The potential applications of FTIR spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis include determining the levels of other active substances in tablet preparations, investigating the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in the analysis of other pharmaceutical products, and developing new analytical methods using FTIR spectrophotometry.

Q: What are the future directions for research in this area?

A: Future research can be conducted to investigate the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in other pharmaceutical applications, develop new analytical methods using FTIR spectrophotometry, and investigate the use of FTIR spectrophotometry in the analysis of other pharmaceutical products.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using FTIR spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis?

A: The potential benefits of using FTIR spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis include high precision and accuracy, non-destructive analysis, and the ability to analyze multiple samples simultaneously.

Q: What are the potential limitations of using FTIR spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis?

A: The potential limitations of using FTIR spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis include the need for specialized equipment and training, the potential for interference from other substances, and the need for careful calibration and validation.

Q: What are the potential applications of FTIR spectrophotometry in other fields?

A: The potential applications of FTIR spectrophotometry in other fields include materials science, chemistry, and biology.