The Effect of Contact Time and Stirring Speed on Adsorption of Blue Methylene Dyes with Activated Carbon from Durian Skin Using NaOH as an Activator

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 21 views

The Effect of Contact Time and Stirring Speed on Adsorption of Blue Methylene Dyes with Activated Carbon from Durian Skin Using NaOH as an Activator

Introduction

The increasing amount of industrial waste has become a significant problem for the environment, as it contains various hazardous contaminants that can have a detrimental impact on ecosystems and human health. One type of pollution that requires attention is the blue methylene dyes, which can cause high toxicity in water bodies and increase the amount of suspended solids. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective methods for removing these dyes from water. One promising approach is the adsorption process using adsorbents derived from waste materials, such as durian skin. This study aims to investigate the effect of contact time and stirring speed on the adsorption of blue methylene dyes using activated carbon produced from durian skin activated with 2% NaOH.

Background

The use of activated carbon as an adsorbent has gained significant attention in recent years due to its high surface area and adsorption capacity. Activated carbon can be produced from various waste materials, including agricultural waste, such as durian skin. Durian skin is a rich source of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be converted into activated carbon through a chemical activation process using NaOH as an activator. The resulting activated carbon has been shown to have good adsorption capacity for various pollutants, including heavy metals and organic dyes.

Materials and Methods

The activated carbon produced from durian skin was used as the adsorbent in this study. The adsorption experiments were conducted using a batch system, where the activated carbon was added to a solution of blue methylene dyes. The stirring speed and contact time were varied to investigate their effect on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The adsorption capacity was measured using a spectrophotometer, and the surface area of the activated carbon was determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method.

Results

The results of the adsorption experiments showed that the minimum adsorption capacity was obtained at a stirring speed of 90 rpm and a contact time of 30 minutes, which was 3.16 mg/g. Conversely, the maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at a stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes, with a value of 3.8 mg/g. The maximum surface area was measured at the same stirring speed (150 rpm) and a contact time of 120 minutes, reaching 1845.1888 m²/g. On the other hand, the minimum surface area was measured at a stirring speed of 90 rpm with a contact time of 30 minutes, which only reached 1446.5215 m²/g.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that the stirring speed and contact time have a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at a stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes, which suggests that these conditions are optimal for the adsorption process. The surface area of the activated carbon also increased with increasing stirring speed and contact time, which further supports the idea that these conditions are optimal for the adsorption process.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent for removing blue methylene dyes from water. The results of this study indicate that the stirring speed and contact time have a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at a stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes, which suggests that these conditions are optimal for the adsorption process. This study provides valuable insights into the use of waste materials as adsorbents and contributes to the development of sustainable methods for managing industrial waste.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

The use of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent for removing blue methylene dyes from water is a promising approach.
The stirring speed and contact time have a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon, and optimal conditions should be determined for each specific application.
Further research is needed to investigate the use of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent for removing other pollutants from water.
The development of sustainable methods for managing industrial waste is essential for reducing the environmental impact of industrial activities.

Future Directions

This study has opened up new avenues for research in the field of adsorption and waste management. Some potential future directions for this research include:

Investigating the use of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent for removing other pollutants from water.
Developing new methods for producing activated carbon from waste materials.
Investigating the use of other waste materials as adsorbents for removing pollutants from water.
Developing sustainable methods for managing industrial waste.

Limitations

This study has some limitations that should be noted. The adsorption experiments were conducted using a batch system, which may not be representative of real-world conditions. Additionally, the study only investigated the effect of stirring speed and contact time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon, and further research is needed to investigate the effect of other variables on the adsorption process.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent for removing blue methylene dyes from water. The results of this study indicate that the stirring speed and contact time have a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. This study provides valuable insights into the use of waste materials as adsorbents and contributes to the development of sustainable methods for managing industrial waste.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Effect of Contact Time and Stirring Speed on Adsorption of Blue Methylene Dyes with Activated Carbon from Durian Skin Using NaOH as an Activator

Q: What is the purpose of this study? A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of contact time and stirring speed on the adsorption of blue methylene dyes using activated carbon produced from durian skin activated with 2% NaOH.

Q: What is the significance of this study? A: This study is significant because it provides valuable insights into the use of waste materials as adsorbents and contributes to the development of sustainable methods for managing industrial waste.

Q: What is the potential of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent? A: The activated carbon produced from durian skin has good potential as an adsorbent for removing blue methylene dyes from water.

Q: What are the optimal conditions for the adsorption process? A: The optimal conditions for the adsorption process are a stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes.

Q: What is the effect of stirring speed on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon? A: The stirring speed has a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon, with higher stirring speeds resulting in higher adsorption capacities.

Q: What is the effect of contact time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon? A: The contact time also has a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon, with longer contact times resulting in higher adsorption capacities.

Q: What is the surface area of the activated carbon? A: The surface area of the activated carbon is 1845.1888 m²/g.

Q: What is the minimum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon? A: The minimum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is 3.16 mg/g.

Q: What is the maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon? A: The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is 3.8 mg/g.

Q: What is the correlation coefficient (R²) of the first order equation? A: The correlation coefficient (R²) of the first order equation is 0.845.

Q: What is the correlation coefficient (R²) of the second order equation? A: The correlation coefficient (R²) of the second order equation is 0.903.

Q: What does the correlation coefficient (R²) indicate? A: The correlation coefficient (R²) indicates that the adsorption process is closer to the second order model, which suggests that the process is more chemical than physical.

Q: What are the implications of this study? A: The implications of this study are that the use of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent for removing blue methylene dyes from water is a promising approach, and that the stirring speed and contact time have a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.

Q: What are the limitations of this study? A: The limitations of this study are that the adsorption experiments were conducted using a batch system, which may not be representative of real-world conditions, and that the study only investigated the effect of stirring speed and contact time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.

Q: What are the future directions for this research? A: The future directions for this research are to investigate the use of activated carbon produced from durian skin as an adsorbent for removing other pollutants from water, to develop new methods for producing activated carbon from waste materials, and to investigate the use of other waste materials as adsorbents for removing pollutants from water.