The Boiling Point Elevation

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 87 views

Introduction

The boiling point of a solution is a crucial parameter in determining the properties of the solute and solvent. In this article, we will explore how to use the boiling point of a solution to find the molar mass of a non-volatile solute. We will use the given data of a solution containing 37g of a non-volatile solute in 500g of water, with a boiling point of 373.42K, and the boiling point of water as 373K.

The Boiling Point Elevation

The boiling point elevation is the increase in the boiling point of a solution compared to the pure solvent. In this case, the boiling point elevation is 0.42K. The boiling point elevation is directly proportional to the molality of the solution, which is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

The Boiling Point Elevation Formula

The boiling point elevation formula is given by:

ΔTb = Kb × m

where ΔTb is the boiling point elevation, Kb is the boiling point elevation constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

Rearranging the Formula

We can rearrange the formula to solve for the molality of the solution:

m = ΔTb / Kb

Substituting the Values

We can substitute the given values into the formula:

m = 0.42K / 0.512 K kg mol⁻¹

m = 0.82 mol kg⁻¹

The Number of Moles of Solute

We can calculate the number of moles of solute using the formula:

n = m × M

where n is the number of moles of solute, m is the molality of the solution, and M is the mass of the solvent in kilograms.

Substituting the Values

We can substitute the values into the formula:

n = 0.82 mol kg⁻¹ × 0.5 kg

n = 0.41 mol

The Molar Mass of the Solute

We can calculate the molar mass of the solute using the formula:

M = m × M

where M is the molar mass of the solute, m is the mass of the solute in grams, and n is the number of moles of solute.

Substituting the Values

We can substitute the values into the formula:

M = 37g / 0.41 mol

M = 90g mol⁻¹

Conclusion

In this article, we have shown how to use the boiling point of a solution to find the molar mass of a non-volatile solute. We have used the given data of a solution containing 37g of a non-volatile solute in 500g of water, with a boiling point of 373.42K, and the boiling point of water as 373K. We have calculated the molality of the solution, the number of moles of solute, and finally the molar mass of the solute. The molar mass of the solute is 90g mol⁻¹.

References

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th ed., CRC Press, 2016.
Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd ed., by Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, W.H. Freeman and Company, 2010.

Discussion

The boiling point elevation is a useful tool in determining the properties of a solution. In this article, we have shown how to use the boiling point elevation to find the molar mass of a non-volatile solute. The molar mass of the solute is an important parameter in understanding the properties of the solute and solvent.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the boiling point elevation? The boiling point elevation is the increase in the boiling point of a solution compared to the pure solvent.
How do I calculate the molality of a solution? You can calculate the molality of a solution using the formula: m = ΔTb / Kb.
How do I calculate the number of moles of solute? You can calculate the number of moles of solute using the formula: n = m × M.
How do I calculate the molar mass of a solute? You can calculate the molar mass of a solute using the formula: M = m × M.
The Boiling Point of a Solution: A Key to Determining Molar Mass - Q&A ====================================================================

Introduction

In our previous article, we explored how to use the boiling point of a solution to find the molar mass of a non-volatile solute. We used the given data of a solution containing 37g of a non-volatile solute in 500g of water, with a boiling point of 373.42K, and the boiling point of water as 373K. In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions related to the boiling point of a solution and its application in determining the molar mass of a solute.

Q&A

Q: What is the boiling point elevation?

A: The boiling point elevation is the increase in the boiling point of a solution compared to the pure solvent.

Q: How do I calculate the molality of a solution?

A: You can calculate the molality of a solution using the formula: m = ΔTb / Kb, where ΔTb is the boiling point elevation and Kb is the boiling point elevation constant.

Q: How do I calculate the number of moles of solute?

A: You can calculate the number of moles of solute using the formula: n = m × M, where m is the molality of the solution and M is the mass of the solvent in kilograms.

Q: How do I calculate the molar mass of a solute?

A: You can calculate the molar mass of a solute using the formula: M = m × M, where m is the mass of the solute in grams and n is the number of moles of solute.

Q: What is the boiling point elevation constant (Kb)?

A: The boiling point elevation constant (Kb) is a constant that depends on the solvent and is used to calculate the boiling point elevation of a solution.

Q: How do I determine the boiling point elevation constant (Kb)?

A: You can determine the boiling point elevation constant (Kb) by measuring the boiling point elevation of a solution with a known molality.

Q: What is the significance of the boiling point elevation?

A: The boiling point elevation is a useful tool in determining the properties of a solution, such as the molar mass of a solute.

Q: Can I use the boiling point elevation to determine the molar mass of a solute in a solution with a non-volatile solute?

A: Yes, you can use the boiling point elevation to determine the molar mass of a solute in a solution with a non-volatile solute.

Q: What are some common applications of the boiling point elevation?

A: Some common applications of the boiling point elevation include determining the molar mass of a solute, calculating the molality of a solution, and understanding the properties of a solution.

Q: Can I use the boiling point elevation to determine the molar mass of a solute in a solution with a volatile solute?

A: No, you cannot use the boiling point elevation to determine the molar mass of a solute in a solution with a volatile solute, as the boiling point elevation is affected by the volatility of the solute.

Conclusion

In this article, we have answered some frequently asked questions related to the boiling point of a solution and its application in determining the molar mass of a solute. We hope that this article has provided you with a better understanding of the boiling point elevation and its significance in determining the properties of a solution.

References

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th ed., CRC Press, 2016.
Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd ed., by Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, W.H. Freeman and Company, 2010.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the boiling point elevation? The boiling point elevation is the increase in the boiling point of a solution compared to the pure solvent.
How do I calculate the molality of a solution? You can calculate the molality of a solution using the formula: m = ΔTb / Kb.
How do I calculate the number of moles of solute? You can calculate the number of moles of solute using the formula: n = m × M.
How do I calculate the molar mass of a solute? You can calculate the molar mass of a solute using the formula: M = m × M.