Special Autonomy Principle

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 115 views

Study of Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Special Region of Aceh as the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (viewed from the perspective of Law No. 25 of 1999 concerning Financial Balance between the Central and Regional Governments)

Introduction

The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia has been a cornerstone of the country's governance, outlining the principles and framework for the distribution of power and resources between the central government and regional authorities. Article 33, paragraph (3) states that the earth, water, and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the state and are used for the prosperity of the people. Furthermore, Article 18B Amendment to the 1945 Constitution Paragraph (1) recognizes and respects special regional government units, which are regulated by law. The issue of financial balance between the central and regional governments has been a source of dissatisfaction in the community, especially in Aceh, where people feel treated unfairly by the central government.

In response to this situation, on August 9, 2001, Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Special Region of Aceh (NAD) was enacted. The presence of this law is expected to be a solution for the social and economic injuries experienced by Aceh, as well as showing good faith in the central government to help Aceh rise from adversity. The law aims to provide special autonomy to the Aceh region, allowing it to manage its own affairs and resources, and to promote economic development and social welfare.

Research Focus

This study aims to discuss several major issues related to Law NAD and Law No. 25 of 1999 concerning Financial Balance between Central and Regional Governments. Some of the questions that this study seeks to answer are:

What are the principles in Law NAD and Law No. 25 of 1999 in favor of the people in NAD Province?
What is the condition of the financial balance before and after the birth of the two laws?
What efforts are made by the Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam to implement Law No. 18 of 2001?

Research Methodology

The nature of this research is descriptive analytic and historical. The approach used is normative juridical, equipped with field data regarding the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) in NAD Province, Aceh Besar, Banda Aceh City, North Aceh, and East Aceh. This approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the principles and provisions of the two laws, as well as their implementation in the field.

Research and Analysis Results

The results of this study show that the principles in the NAD Law include:

Special Autonomy Principle: This principle recognizes the right of the Aceh region to manage its own affairs and resources.
The principle of togetherness: This principle emphasizes the importance of cooperation and collaboration between the central government and the regional authorities.
Living Law Principle: This principle recognizes the dynamic and adaptive nature of the law, and its ability to respond to changing circumstances.
The principle of democracy: This principle emphasizes the importance of democratic values and principles in the governance of the Aceh region.
Islamic Sharia Principles: This principle recognizes the importance of Islamic law and values in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of legality: This principle emphasizes the importance of the rule of law and the protection of individual rights and freedoms.
Principle of Benefits: This principle recognizes the importance of providing benefits and services to the people of the Aceh region.
The principle of justice: This principle emphasizes the importance of justice and fairness in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of shared responsibility: This principle recognizes the importance of shared responsibility between the central government and the regional authorities.
The principle of openness: This principle emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of equity: This principle recognizes the importance of fairness and equity in the distribution of resources and benefits.

On the other hand, the principles in Law No. 25 of 1999 include:

The principle of justice and equity: This principle emphasizes the importance of justice and fairness in the distribution of resources and benefits.
Principle of Benefits: This principle recognizes the importance of providing benefits and services to the people of the Aceh region.
The principle of openness: This principle emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of accountability: This principle recognizes the importance of accountability and responsibility in the governance of the Aceh region.

Before and After the Birth of the Two Laws

Before the enactment of Law No. 25 of 1999 and the NAD Law, the financial balance in Aceh was unclear. The community did not know the percentage of the distribution of funds given to the regions. However, after the birth of Law No. 25 of 1999, transparency began to be implemented, with the provisions of petroleum revenue sharing by 15% and natural gas by 30%.

After the ratification of the NAD Law, the additional additional funds for 8 years were 55% of oil products and 40% of natural gas for the region. The distribution for producing and non-regencies will be further regulated in the Qanun by the NAD Province DPRD. In the draft Qanun, the allocation of funds is determined as follows: 40% for the province, 25% for the producing district, and 35% for other districts, with 30% of the funds allocated for education.

Government Efforts in the Implementation of the NAD Law

The Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam government has taken several steps to carry out the NAD Law, including:

Form the qanun formulating committee: This committee is responsible for formulating the contents of the Qanun, which will regulate the implementation of the NAD Law.
Formulate the contents that will be loaded in the Qanun: This involves drafting the provisions and regulations that will be included in the Qanun.
Holding seminars and participating in seminars related to the NAD Law: This involves educating and informing the public about the NAD Law and its implementation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Law No. 18 of 2001 and Law No. 25 of 1999 have an important role in creating justice and equity for people in the Special Region of Aceh, as well as being the first step in improving the social and economic welfare of the Acehnese people. The principles of the two laws, including the special autonomy principle, the principle of togetherness, and the principle of democracy, are essential in promoting the well-being of the people of Aceh. Further research on the implementation of the NAD Law in NAD Province is also expected to highlight the principles that need to be applied in the law.
Q&A: Study of Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Special Region of Aceh as the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (viewed from the perspective of Law No. 25 of 1999 concerning Financial Balance between the Central and Regional Governments)

Q: What is the main purpose of Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Special Region of Aceh?

A: The main purpose of Law No. 18 of 2001 is to provide special autonomy to the Aceh region, allowing it to manage its own affairs and resources, and to promote economic development and social welfare.

Q: What are the principles of Law No. 18 of 2001?

A: The principles of Law No. 18 of 2001 include:

Special Autonomy Principle: This principle recognizes the right of the Aceh region to manage its own affairs and resources.
The principle of togetherness: This principle emphasizes the importance of cooperation and collaboration between the central government and the regional authorities.
Living Law Principle: This principle recognizes the dynamic and adaptive nature of the law, and its ability to respond to changing circumstances.
The principle of democracy: This principle emphasizes the importance of democratic values and principles in the governance of the Aceh region.
Islamic Sharia Principles: This principle recognizes the importance of Islamic law and values in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of legality: This principle emphasizes the importance of the rule of law and the protection of individual rights and freedoms.
Principle of Benefits: This principle recognizes the importance of providing benefits and services to the people of the Aceh region.
The principle of justice: This principle emphasizes the importance of justice and fairness in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of shared responsibility: This principle recognizes the importance of shared responsibility between the central government and the regional authorities.
The principle of openness: This principle emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of equity: This principle recognizes the importance of fairness and equity in the distribution of resources and benefits.

Q: What are the principles of Law No. 25 of 1999 concerning Financial Balance between the Central and Regional Governments?

A: The principles of Law No. 25 of 1999 include:

The principle of justice and equity: This principle emphasizes the importance of justice and fairness in the distribution of resources and benefits.
Principle of Benefits: This principle recognizes the importance of providing benefits and services to the people of the Aceh region.
The principle of openness: This principle emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in the governance of the Aceh region.
The principle of accountability: This principle recognizes the importance of accountability and responsibility in the governance of the Aceh region.

Q: What is the significance of the financial balance between the central government and the regional authorities?

A: The financial balance between the central government and the regional authorities is significant because it determines the distribution of resources and benefits to the people of the Aceh region. A fair and equitable financial balance is essential in promoting the well-being of the people of Aceh.

Q: What are the efforts made by the Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam to implement Law No. 18 of 2001?

A: The Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam has taken several steps to carry out the NAD Law, including:

Form the qanun formulating committee: This committee is responsible for formulating the contents of the Qanun, which will regulate the implementation of the NAD Law.
Formulate the contents that will be loaded in the Qanun: This involves drafting the provisions and regulations that will be included in the Qanun.
Holding seminars and participating in seminars related to the NAD Law: This involves educating and informing the public about the NAD Law and its implementation.

Q: What is the expected outcome of the implementation of Law No. 18 of 2001?

A: The expected outcome of the implementation of Law No. 18 of 2001 is to create justice and equity for people in the Special Region of Aceh, as well as being the first step in improving the social and economic welfare of the Acehnese people.