Limitations and Recommendations

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 47 views

Making and Evaluation of In Vitro Gastroretentive Floating Beads Preparation contains amoxicillin with a pectin base from Kepok banana peel (Musa Balbisiana ABB)

Introduction

Amoxicillin is a widely used antibiotic for treating various bacterial infections, including those caused by Helicobacter Pylori, which can lead to stomach ulcers. However, conventional amoxicillin preparations often have a short half-life and limited contact time with the target site, resulting in reduced efficacy. In this context, controlled drug delivery systems, particularly gastroretentive preparations, offer a promising solution. Pectin, a biodegradable polymer found in plant cell walls, has been explored as a potential excipient for controlled drug delivery. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of pectin extracted from Kepok banana peels, design floating beads preparations using pectin, analyze the release of amoxicillin from these preparations, and evaluate the effect of drug release on antibacterial activity.

Research Methods

The research method employed in this study involves several key steps: preparation of samples, pectin extraction, pectin characterization, formulation of floating beads amoxicillin, evaluation and characterization of dosage, as well as testing antibacterial activity. Pectin extraction was carried out using citric acid solvents with concentration variations (2.5%; 5%; and 7.5%) and heating at 70-80 ° C. The extracted pectin was then characterized using various analytical techniques to determine its molecular weight, degree of esterification, and methoxyl content. The formulation of floating beads amoxicillin involved the use of CaCl₂ as a cross-linking agent and nahco₃ as a gas-forming agent. The release of amoxicillin from the floating beads was tested in an artificial gastric fluid medium with a pH of 1.2 using a type II (USP 35) dissolution test device with a speed of 50 rpm for 8 hours. Additionally, the testing of antibacterial activity was carried out on aliquots from the dissolution test results, using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as test bacteria.

Results and Discussion

The results of this study showed that the methoxyl levels in pectin extracted from Kepok banana peels were less than 7%. Analysis using Anova revealed that the release of amoxicillin from the Floating Beads preparation experienced a significant slowdown in up to 360 minutes, compared to conventional preparations (p <0.05). The kinetics of the release of the drug followed the Higuchi model, indicating that the release of the drug takes place through diffusion. The antibacterial testing showed a correlation between dissolution time and antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone reaching a diameter of 12.5 mm at 300 minutes. This indicates that floating beads that use pectin from Kepok banana peels are not only effective in controlling the release of amoxicillin, but also have good antibacterial potential.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that pectin extracted from Kepok banana peels is included in the category of low methoxyl pectin. The release of amoxicillin from the Floating Beads preparation using banana pektin has a similar result with commercial pectin, with a drug release level of 90% within 300 minutes and antibacterial activity that shows an inhibitory zone of up to 12.5 mm. This study opens the way to develop more effective gastroretentive drug preparations, utilizing natural ingredients such as pectin from Kepok banana peels.

Future Directions

The findings of this study suggest that pectin from Kepok banana peels can be used as a potential excipient for controlled drug delivery systems. Future studies can focus on optimizing the formulation of floating beads using pectin from Kepok banana peels, as well as evaluating the efficacy of these preparations in animal models. Additionally, the use of pectin from Kepok banana peels in other controlled drug delivery systems, such as tablets or capsules, can be explored.

Limitations and Recommendations

This study has several limitations, including the use of a small sample size and the limited duration of the dissolution test. Future studies should aim to increase the sample size and extend the duration of the dissolution test to better understand the release kinetics of amoxicillin from the floating beads. Additionally, the use of other analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), can be explored to further characterize the release of amoxicillin from the floating beads.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of pectin from Kepok banana peels as a natural excipient for controlled drug delivery systems. The findings of this study suggest that floating beads prepared using pectin from Kepok banana peels can effectively control the release of amoxicillin and exhibit good antibacterial activity. Future studies can build on the findings of this study to further explore the potential of pectin from Kepok banana peels in controlled drug delivery systems.
Q&A: Making and Evaluation of In Vitro Gastroretentive Floating Beads Preparation contains amoxicillin with a pectin base from Kepok banana peel (Musa Balbisiana ABB)

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of pectin extracted from Kepok banana peels, design floating beads preparations using pectin, analyze the release of amoxicillin from these preparations, and evaluate the effect of drug release on antibacterial activity.

Q: What is pectin, and why is it used in this study?

A: Pectin is a biodegradable polymer found in plant cell walls. It is used in this study as a potential excipient for controlled drug delivery systems. Pectin has been shown to have controlled release properties, making it an ideal candidate for use in gastroretentive preparations.

Q: What is the significance of using Kepok banana peels as a source of pectin?

A: Kepok banana peels are a readily available and inexpensive source of pectin. Using Kepok banana peels as a source of pectin can provide a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to commercial pectin.

Q: How was the pectin extracted from Kepok banana peels?

A: The pectin was extracted from Kepok banana peels using citric acid solvents with concentration variations (2.5%; 5%; and 7.5%) and heating at 70-80 ° C.

Q: What is the formulation of the floating beads amoxicillin?

A: The formulation of the floating beads amoxicillin involves the use of CaCl₂ as a cross-linking agent and nahco₃ as a gas-forming agent.

Q: How was the release of amoxicillin from the floating beads tested?

A: The release of amoxicillin from the floating beads was tested in an artificial gastric fluid medium with a pH of 1.2 using a type II (USP 35) dissolution test device with a speed of 50 rpm for 8 hours.

Q: What is the significance of the results of this study?

A: The results of this study show that the pectin extracted from Kepok banana peels is a suitable excipient for controlled drug delivery systems. The floating beads prepared using pectin from Kepok banana peels can effectively control the release of amoxicillin and exhibit good antibacterial activity.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The findings of this study can be applied to the development of more effective gastroretentive drug preparations, utilizing natural ingredients such as pectin from Kepok banana peels.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including the use of a small sample size and the limited duration of the dissolution test. Future studies should aim to increase the sample size and extend the duration of the dissolution test to better understand the release kinetics of amoxicillin from the floating beads.

Q: What are the future directions of this study?

A: Future studies can focus on optimizing the formulation of floating beads using pectin from Kepok banana peels, as well as evaluating the efficacy of these preparations in animal models. Additionally, the use of pectin from Kepok banana peels in other controlled drug delivery systems, such as tablets or capsules, can be explored.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using pectin from Kepok banana peels in controlled drug delivery systems?

A: The use of pectin from Kepok banana peels in controlled drug delivery systems can provide a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to commercial pectin. Additionally, the use of natural ingredients can reduce the risk of adverse reactions and improve patient compliance.