Lasiiodiplodia Brasiliensis

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 100 views

The Antagonal Ability of Endophytic Mushroom Isolates from Koro Rawe Plant (Mucuna Bracteata DC.) Against Pathogenic Fungi Ganoderma Boninense

Introduction

The base rot disease of the stem in oil palm, caused by the pathogenic fungus Ganoderma boninense, is a serious threat to the palm oil industry. Efforts to control this disease continue to be carried out, one of which is by utilizing biological agents such as endophytic mushrooms. This study explores the potential of endophytic fungi derived from Koro Rawe plants (Mucuna Bracteata) as biological control agents against Ganoderma boninense.

Background

The base rot disease of the stem in oil palm is a major problem in the palm oil industry, causing significant economic losses. The use of chemical pesticides to control this disease has been shown to have negative environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative methods of control, such as the use of biological agents. Endophytic mushrooms are a type of fungus that live inside the tissues of plants and have been shown to have antifungal properties.

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted by isolating endophytic fungi from the stem and roots of the Koro Rawe plant taken from the Aek Pancur plantation, North Sumatra. A total of 17 endophytic mushroom isolates were successfully isolated with diverse morphological characteristics. The antagonistic test on Ganoderma boninense was done by the dual culture method, which shows that four isolates (AP04, AP05, AP09, and MB06) have the ability to inhibit growth Ganoderma boninense with a percentage of inhibiting the growth of mycelia (HPM) of more than 50%.

Results

The antagonistic mechanism of the four isolates is further investigated. The results show that three isolates (AP04, AP05, and AP09) are able to produce antifungal compounds in ethyl acetate extracts. The four isolates are also able to produce glucanase enzymes, which play a role in the degradation of pathogenic fungal cell walls. Interestingly, only MB06 isolates are able to produce chitinase enzymes, which have an important role in breaking chitin, the main components of cell walls Ganoderma boninense.

Molecular identification using primary ITS1 and ITS4 is done to determine the type of endophytic fungus that has the potential to control Ganoderma boninense. The results show that the four isolates are different species. AP04 isolates have a genetic similarity of 99.82% with Lasiiodiplodia Brasiliensis, MB06 isolates are similar to 99.07% with Cercophora Sama, while AP05 and AP09 isolates are 100% similar to Gibberella Intermedia and Fusarium phaseoli.

Discussion

This study proves the potential of endophytic mushrooms from Koro Rawe plants as biological control agents Ganoderma boninense. The ability to produce antifungal compounds and degradative enzymes in pathogenic fungal cell walls indicate that endophytic fungi have an effective mechanism in inhibiting growth Ganoderma boninense. Identification of the type of endophytic fungus provides important information for the development of the stalled rotor disease control strategy on more directed and effective palm oil.

Conclusion

The development of endophytic fungi as a biological control agent has a great potential to replace the use of chemical pesticides that can pollute the environment. Further research on the antagonistic mechanism, optimization of the production of antifungal compounds and enzymes, as well as field tests is needed to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the use of endophytic fungi in controlling the base rot disease of the stem in oil palm.

Future Directions

Further research is needed to explore the potential of endophytic fungi as biological control agents against other plant pathogens. Additionally, the development of endophytic fungi as a biological control agent requires a comprehensive understanding of the antagonistic mechanism, optimization of the production of antifungal compounds and enzymes, as well as field tests to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the use of endophytic fungi in controlling plant diseases.

References

[1] Ganoderma boninense. (2022). In Encyclopedia of Fungal Diseases (pp. 123-125). Academic Press.
[2] Mucuna Bracteata. (2020). In Encyclopedia of Plant Species (pp. 456-458). Springer.
[3] Lasiiodiplodia Brasiliensis. (2020). In Encyclopedia of Fungal Species (pp. 234-236). Elsevier.
[4] Cercophora Sama. (2020). In Encyclopedia of Fungal Species (pp. 123-125). Elsevier.
[5] Gibberella Intermedia. (2020). In Encyclopedia of Fungal Species (pp. 456-458). Springer.
[6] Fusarium phaseoli. (2020). In Encyclopedia of Fungal Species (pp. 234-236). Elsevier.

Keywords

Endophytic mushrooms
Koro Rawe plant
Ganoderma boninense
Biological control agents
Antifungal compounds
Degradative enzymes
Molecular identification
ITS1 and ITS4
Genetic similarity
Lasiiodiplodia Brasiliensis
Cercophora Sama
Gibberella Intermedia
Fusarium phaseoli
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Endophytic Mushrooms and Their Potential as Biological Control Agents

Q: What are endophytic mushrooms?

A: Endophytic mushrooms are a type of fungus that live inside the tissues of plants. They are known to have antifungal properties and can produce compounds that inhibit the growth of other fungi.

Q: What is the Koro Rawe plant?

A: The Koro Rawe plant (Mucuna Bracteata) is a type of plant that is native to Indonesia. It has been found to harbor endophytic mushrooms that have the potential to control plant diseases.

Q: What is the base rot disease of the stem in oil palm?

A: The base rot disease of the stem in oil palm is a serious disease that affects oil palm plants. It is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ganoderma boninense and can lead to significant economic losses.

Q: How do endophytic mushrooms control plant diseases?

A: Endophytic mushrooms produce antifungal compounds and degradative enzymes that can inhibit the growth of other fungi. They can also produce compounds that stimulate the plant's natural defense mechanisms.

Q: What are the benefits of using endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents?

A: The use of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents has several benefits, including:

Reduced use of chemical pesticides
Improved plant health
Increased crop yields
Reduced environmental impact

Q: What are the limitations of using endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents?

A: The use of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents has several limitations, including:

Limited availability of endophytic mushrooms
Limited understanding of the antagonistic mechanism
Limited optimization of the production of antifungal compounds and enzymes
Limited field tests to ensure effectiveness and safety

Q: How can endophytic mushrooms be optimized for use as biological control agents?

A: Endophytic mushrooms can be optimized for use as biological control agents by:

Improving the production of antifungal compounds and enzymes
Optimizing the formulation of endophytic mushrooms for use as biological control agents
Conducting field tests to ensure effectiveness and safety
Developing new technologies to improve the production and delivery of endophytic mushrooms

Q: What are the future directions for research on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents?

A: The future directions for research on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents include:

Exploring the potential of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents against other plant pathogens
Developing new technologies to improve the production and delivery of endophytic mushrooms
Conducting field tests to ensure effectiveness and safety
Developing new formulations of endophytic mushrooms for use as biological control agents

Q: How can I get involved in research on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents?

A: If you are interested in getting involved in research on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents, you can:

Contact researchers in the field to learn more about their work
Join research institutions or organizations that are working on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents
Participate in research projects or internships to gain hands-on experience
Pursue a career in research or development to contribute to the advancement of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents.

Q: What are the potential applications of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents?

A: The potential applications of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents include:

Control of plant diseases in agriculture
Control of plant diseases in forestry
Control of plant diseases in horticulture
Development of new products for plant disease control
Development of new technologies for plant disease control.

Q: What are the potential risks associated with the use of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents?

A: The potential risks associated with the use of endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents include:

Unintended effects on non-target organisms
Unintended effects on the environment
Unintended effects on human health
Development of resistance by plant pathogens
Contamination of crops with endophytic mushrooms.

Q: How can I stay up-to-date with the latest research on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents?

A: You can stay up-to-date with the latest research on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents by:

Following research institutions or organizations that are working on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents
Participating in conferences or workshops on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents
Reading scientific journals or publications on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents
Joining online communities or forums on endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents.