Isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 26 views

The Effect of Isometric Exercise of Plantar Muscle Flexor on Osteoblast Activity is Measured by Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase and Callus Formation in Patients Post Open Reduction Internal Fixation Non-Articular Tibia Fracture

Discussion Category: Doctoral Dissertations, Education, Journal, Thesis, University, Student, Campus

Introduction

Non-articular tibia fractures are a common type of fracture that can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, sports injuries, or osteoporosis. After undergoing surgery, patients often experience various problems such as pain, muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and delay in bone healing or even non-union. These problems can limit the ability of patients to undergo daily activities. Osteoblast activity, cells that are responsible for bone formation, and physical exercise have an important role in the healing process of fractures. Isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles has been predicted to help prevent these problems. However, until now, it has not been widely known about the effects of the isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity in patients after open reduction internal fixation non-articular tibia fractures.

Background

After undergoing non-articular tibia fracture surgery, many patients experience various problems such as pain, muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and delay in bone healing or even non-union. These problems can limit the ability of patients to undergo daily activities. Osteoblast activity, cells that are responsible for bone formation, and physical exercise have an important role in the healing process of fractures. Isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles has been predicted to help prevent these problems. Marker for osteoblast activity is a level of Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BSAP) as well as callus formation measured by the Hummer scale. Osteoblast cells have mechanical receptors that respond to physical exercise, thereby increasing bone healing activity.

Research Purposes

This study aims to determine the effect of plantar muscle isometric exercises on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients with post-surgery non-articular tibia fractures. The study will investigate whether isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles can increase osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients after open reduction internal fixation non-articular tibia fractures.

Method

This study was conducted by the True Experimental method using the Pre-Post Test Control Group design. Two groups were formed for this research; Group I underwent isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles, exercise in the range of knee joint movement, and ankle range exercise. While Group II only underwent exercise in the range of knee joint and ankle. Osteoblast activity is measured using BSAP levels, and the formation of callus is evaluated.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis tested states that there are differences in osteoblast activity and the formation of callus between groups that perform isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles and those that do not follow it. The test used to test this hypothesis is a paired T test with a significance level of α = 0.05 and 95% confidence level. Linear regression is also used to predict the relationship between callus and BSAP levels.

Research Result

The results show that group I, which performs the isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles, has increased the average BSAP by 15.6, while group II only increased by 5.2. The paired T test results show P = 0.002, which shows a significant difference between the two groups. Radiographic examination using a hummer scale shows the average callus value for group I is 2.63, while for group II of 3.06. The Mann-Whitney test results produce P = 0.019, which shows a significant difference in the callus between the two groups. In quadratic regression analysis, the value of R² = 0.793, which means the Hummer classification can predict the change in the value of BSAP by 79%.

Conclusion

This study concluded that the isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles in patients after the Open Reduction Internal Fixation Fracture of Non-Articular Tibia can increase osteoblast activity and callus formation. This has the potential to accelerate the healing process and prevent slow or non-union healing problems. It is important for medical personnel to consider the application of this exercise in the postoperative rehabilitation program to improve the quality of patient recovery. Thus, this study provides valuable insight to the development of rehabilitation methods in post-fracture patients, thereby increasing the overall recovery results.

Implication

The findings of this study have significant implications for the management of non-articular tibia fractures. The results suggest that isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles can be an effective way to increase osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients after open reduction internal fixation non-articular tibia fractures. This can lead to improved patient outcomes, including faster healing times and reduced risk of complications. Therefore, medical personnel should consider incorporating isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles into the postoperative rehabilitation program for patients with non-articular tibia fractures.

Limitation

This study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. First, the sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Second, the study only investigated the effect of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients with non-articular tibia fractures, and may not be applicable to other types of fractures. Finally, the study did not investigate the long-term effects of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity and callus formation.

Future Research

Future research should aim to investigate the long-term effects of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients with non-articular tibia fractures. Additionally, studies should investigate the effect of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on other outcomes, such as pain, muscle strength, and functional ability. Furthermore, studies should investigate the optimal duration and intensity of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles for patients with non-articular tibia fractures.

Recommendation

Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that medical personnel consider incorporating isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles into the postoperative rehabilitation program for patients with non-articular tibia fractures. This can lead to improved patient outcomes, including faster healing times and reduced risk of complications. Additionally, patients should be educated on the importance of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles in the postoperative rehabilitation program.
Q&A: The Effect of Isometric Exercise of Plantar Muscle Flexor on Osteoblast Activity

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of plantar muscle isometric exercises on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients with post-surgery non-articular tibia fractures.

Q: What is osteoblast activity?

A: Osteoblast activity refers to the process by which osteoblast cells, which are responsible for bone formation, produce new bone tissue. Osteoblast activity is an important factor in the healing process of fractures.

Q: What is the significance of Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BSAP) in this study?

A: BSAP is a marker for osteoblast activity. It is used to measure the level of osteoblast activity in the body. In this study, BSAP levels were used to determine the effect of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity.

Q: What is the Hummer scale?

A: The Hummer scale is a radiographic examination tool used to measure the formation of callus in patients with fractures. In this study, the Hummer scale was used to evaluate the formation of callus in patients who underwent isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles.

Q: What are the benefits of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles in patients with non-articular tibia fractures?

A: The benefits of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles in patients with non-articular tibia fractures include increased osteoblast activity, increased callus formation, and accelerated healing times. This can lead to improved patient outcomes, including reduced risk of complications and faster recovery times.

Q: Can isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles be used in other types of fractures?

A: While this study focused on non-articular tibia fractures, isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles may be beneficial in other types of fractures as well. However, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles in other types of fractures.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include a small sample size and the fact that it only investigated the effect of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients with non-articular tibia fractures. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity and callus formation.

Q: What are the implications of this study for medical personnel?

A: The findings of this study have significant implications for medical personnel. They suggest that isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles can be an effective way to increase osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients with non-articular tibia fractures. Medical personnel should consider incorporating isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles into the postoperative rehabilitation program for patients with non-articular tibia fractures.

Q: What are the recommendations for patients with non-articular tibia fractures?

A: Patients with non-articular tibia fractures should be educated on the importance of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles in the postoperative rehabilitation program. They should also be encouraged to participate in isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles as part of their rehabilitation program.

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: Future research should aim to investigate the long-term effects of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients with non-articular tibia fractures. Additionally, studies should investigate the effect of isometric exercise of plantar flexor muscles on other outcomes, such as pain, muscle strength, and functional ability.