Investigate the effect of carbon and tertiary permo formations on soil properties

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 52 views

Characterization and Classification of Soils Originating from Carbon and Tertiary Permo Formations in the South Tapanuli Area

Soil characterization and classification are crucial aspects of understanding the properties and behavior of soils, which in turn affect land use and resource management. In the South Tapanuli area, the presence of carbon and tertiary permo formations has led to the development of unique soil characteristics. This study aims to investigate the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of soils formed from these formations and classify them using the 1999 USDA land taxonomy key.

Understanding the Study Area

The study was conducted in three different locations in South Tapanuli: Padang Sidempuan (P2), Gunung Tua (P3), and Binanga (P4). Each location was chosen for its unique geological and topographical features. Padang Sidempuan is located in the Permo Carbon Formation, precisely in Panumpuan Julu Village, 25 km from the city center. Gunung Tua is situated in the Paleogen Formation, in Padang Garugur Village, 55 km from the city. Binanga is located in the Neogen Formation, in Bahal Batu Village, 87 km from the city.

Land Analysis from Three Locations

This study examined the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of soils from the three locations. The results are presented below:

Pedon 2 (Padang Sidempuan)

Located on a slope with a slope of 5%, Pedon 2 has a clay texture with a surface color of 5 YR 46 (yellowish red). This soil is loose to a depth of 20 cm, with a pH H₂O ranging from 4.72 - 4.96. Cation Exchange Capacity (KTK) ranges from 9.58 - 20.05 ME/100 g of soil, with basic saturation 11.61 - 30.06%. Pedon 2 contains C -organic content of 0.15 - 1.08%, and AL saturation 32.68 - 60.5%. Based on these characteristics, Pedon 2 is classified as oxisol with sub-order udoxo, large group kandudox, sub-group typic kandudox, and family Isohyperthermik, Typic Kandudox.

Pedon 3 (Old Mountain)

Located on a slope with a slope of 10%, Pedon 3 has a clay texture with a surface color of 2.5 YR 25/1 (Black). This land is firm to a depth of 205 cm, with a pH H₂O ranging from 5.75 - 7.79. Circles of land ranges from 38.56 - 46.78 ME/100 g of land, base saturation 2.98 - 102.91%, and C -organic 0.23 - 1.00%. Pedon 3 has a content density (BD) of more than 1 (depth of 0 - 58 cm) and AL saturation is 0%. Based on this characteristic, Pedon 3 is classified as inceptisol with sub-order udepts, large group eutrudepts, sub-group fluventic eutrudepts, and family Smooth, Isohyperthermik, Fluventic Eutrudepts.

Pedon 4 (Binanga)

Located on a slope with a slope of 3%, Pedon 4 has a clay texture with a surface color of 7.5 YR 5/8 (dark brown). This soil is loose to a depth of 107 cm, with a pH H₂O ranging from 4.27 - 4.95. COMPLY LAND ranges from 2.57 - 5.66 ME/100 g of soil, base saturation 9.50 - 23.95%, and C -organic 0.19 - 1.27%. Pedon 4 has a content density (BD) of more than 1 (depth of 0 - 60 cm) and AL saturation 65.36 - 77.08%. Based on these characteristics, Pedon 4 is classified as ultisol with sub-ordo uduss, large group kanduduss, sub-group Arenic Kandiuduss, and Family Sandy clay, Kwarsa murky, Isohyperthermik, Arenic Kandudults.

Conclusion and Implications

The results of this study show that the soils in South Tapanuli originating from the carbon and tertiary permo formations have different characteristics. This is influenced by factors such as geology, climate, and topography. The different land classification has important implications for land use and land resource management in the area.

Knowledge of soil characteristics is very important to determine the right strategy to increase land productivity, prevent land degradation, and maintain environmental sustainability. Further research is needed to learn more about the effect of carbon and tertiary permo formations on the physical, chemical, and mineralogy of soil, as well as for the development of more appropriate land use and recommendations.

Recommendations for Future Research

Investigate the effect of carbon and tertiary permo formations on soil properties: Further research is needed to understand the impact of these formations on soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties.
Develop more appropriate land use and recommendations: Based on the results of this study, more research is needed to develop land use and recommendations that take into account the unique characteristics of soils in South Tapanuli.
Conduct more detailed soil analysis: More detailed soil analysis is needed to understand the complex interactions between soil properties and land use.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has provided valuable insights into the characterization and classification of soils originating from carbon and tertiary permo formations in the South Tapanuli area. The results of this study have important implications for land use and land resource management in the area. Further research is needed to develop more appropriate land use and recommendations that take into account the unique characteristics of soils in South Tapanuli.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Characterization and Classification of Soils Originating from Carbon and Tertiary Permo Formations in the South Tapanuli Area

In this article, we will address some of the most frequently asked questions about the characterization and classification of soils originating from carbon and tertiary permo formations in the South Tapanuli area.

Q: What are the main factors that influence the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area?

A: The main factors that influence the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area are geology, climate, and topography. These factors interact with each other to produce unique soil properties and characteristics.

Q: What are the different types of soils found in the South Tapanuli area?

A: The South Tapanuli area is home to a variety of soils, including oxisol, inceptisol, and ultisol. Each of these soil types has its own unique characteristics and properties.

Q: What is the significance of the 1999 USDA land taxonomy key in soil classification?

A: The 1999 USDA land taxonomy key is a widely used system for classifying soils based on their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. It provides a standardized framework for soil classification and is widely accepted by soil scientists and researchers.

Q: How do the carbon and tertiary permo formations affect the soil properties in the South Tapanuli area?

A: The carbon and tertiary permo formations have a significant impact on the soil properties in the South Tapanuli area. They influence the soil's physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, which in turn affect the soil's behavior and performance.

Q: What are the implications of the different soil types found in the South Tapanuli area for land use and resource management?

A: The different soil types found in the South Tapanuli area have important implications for land use and resource management. For example, oxisol soils are more prone to erosion and require more intensive management, while inceptisol soils are more fertile and require less intensive management.

Q: What are the recommendations for future research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area?

A: The recommendations for future research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area include investigating the effect of carbon and tertiary permo formations on soil properties, developing more appropriate land use and recommendations, and conducting more detailed soil analysis.

Q: What are the potential applications of the research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area?

A: The research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area has potential applications in a variety of fields, including agriculture, forestry, and environmental management. It can provide valuable insights into the behavior and performance of soils in different environments and help to inform land use and resource management decisions.

Q: How can the research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area be used to inform land use and resource management decisions?

A: The research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area can be used to inform land use and resource management decisions by providing a better understanding of the soil properties and characteristics in the area. This can help to identify areas where soil conservation and management practices are needed, and inform decisions about land use and resource allocation.

Q: What are the limitations of the research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area?

A: The limitations of the research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area include the limited scope of the study, the lack of detailed soil analysis, and the need for further research on the effect of carbon and tertiary permo formations on soil properties.

Q: What are the future directions for research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area?

A: The future directions for research on the characterization and classification of soils in the South Tapanuli area include investigating the effect of carbon and tertiary permo formations on soil properties, developing more appropriate land use and recommendations, and conducting more detailed soil analysis.