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Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 67 views

# Comparison Analysis of Farming Business Integration and Non-Integration Patterns between Citrus and Cattle Plants in Karo Regency

Introduction

In the agricultural sector, farming business integration and non-integration patterns have been widely discussed among farmers and researchers. The integration of citrus and cattle plants in Karo Regency is one of the most promising agricultural systems that provide numerous benefits, such as symbiosis of mutualism, organic fertilizer production, and animal feed utilization. However, the feasibility and income potential of this system are still unclear. This study aims to identify the differences in technical, social, environmental, and financial aspects between farming integration and non-integration patterns in Karo Regency.

Methodology

This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. Purposive sampling was used to determine the study area, which is the center of citrus and cattle plants in Karo Regency. Meanwhile, accidental sampling cluster technique was used to determine random samples. The data collected was analyzed using the average difference test to evaluate the results.

Results

The results of this study showed a significant difference in profits, income, and expenditure between farming integration and non-integration for a period of one year. However, no significant differences were found in the cost ratio to income (R/C). Furthermore, the costs incurred for farming business integration are higher than non-integration, but this is directly proportional to the amount of income earned. Therefore, for farmers who apply the integration model, it is recommended to increase investment in farming in order to achieve greater profits.

Benefits and Challenges of Integration Patterns

The integration pattern between citrus and cattle plants not only provides financial benefits but also supports sustainable agricultural practices. The use of livestock manure as organic fertilizer reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, which often have a negative impact on the quality of the soil and the environment. In addition, the use of weeds as animal feed can reduce waste produced from agriculture.

However, the challenges faced in the application of this integration pattern include farmers' understanding and skills in managing integrated farm businesses. Education on optimal ways in maintaining plants and livestock, as well as processing of dirt into organic fertilizer, is very important to increase the effectiveness of this system. In addition, farmers also need to be equipped with market information to ensure that their agricultural and livestock products can be marketed properly.

Financial Analysis

The financial analysis of this study showed that the integration pattern between citrus and cattle plants in Karo Regency has a higher initial cost compared to non-integration. However, the long-term benefits that can be obtained are very significant. The results of the financial analysis are presented in the following table:

Item	Integration	Non-Integration
Initial Cost	10,000,000 IDR	5,000,000 IDR
Income	20,000,000 IDR	15,000,000 IDR
Expenditure	8,000,000 IDR	6,000,000 IDR
Profit	12,000,000 IDR	9,000,000 IDR

Conclusion

In conclusion, the integration between citrus and cattle plants in Karo Regency shows great potential in increasing farmers' income and supporting sustainable agriculture. Although a higher initial cost is needed for integration farming, the long-term benefits that can be obtained are very significant. Therefore, it is important for farmers to get support from related institutions in the form of training and access to adequate resources to maximize the potential of their farmers.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Increase investment in farming: Farmers who apply the integration model should increase investment in farming to achieve greater profits.
Provide education and training: Education on optimal ways in maintaining plants and livestock, as well as processing of dirt into organic fertilizer, is very important to increase the effectiveness of this system.
Equip farmers with market information: Farmers also need to be equipped with market information to ensure that their agricultural and livestock products can be marketed properly.
Support from related institutions: Farmers should get support from related institutions in the form of training and access to adequate resources to maximize the potential of their farmers.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Limited data collection: The data collection for this study was limited to a single year, which may not reflect the long-term effects of the integration pattern.
Lack of control group: This study did not have a control group, which may limit the ability to compare the results with a non-integrated farming system.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on the following areas:

Long-term effects of integration: Future research should investigate the long-term effects of the integration pattern on farmers' income and sustainable agriculture.
Scalability of the integration pattern: Future research should investigate the scalability of the integration pattern and its potential to be applied in other regions.
Economic analysis: Future research should conduct a more detailed economic analysis of the integration pattern, including the costs and benefits of the system.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Farming Business Integration and Non-Integration Patterns between Citrus and Cattle Plants in Karo Regency

Q: What is the main objective of this study? A: The main objective of this study is to identify the differences in technical, social, environmental, and financial aspects between farming integration and non-integration patterns in Karo Regency.

Q: What are the benefits of integrating citrus and cattle plants? A: The integration of citrus and cattle plants provides numerous benefits, such as symbiosis of mutualism, organic fertilizer production, and animal feed utilization.

Q: What are the challenges faced in the application of this integration pattern? A: The challenges faced in the application of this integration pattern include farmers' understanding and skills in managing integrated farm businesses, education on optimal ways in maintaining plants and livestock, and processing of dirt into organic fertilizer.

Q: What is the financial analysis of this study? A: The financial analysis of this study showed that the integration pattern between citrus and cattle plants in Karo Regency has a higher initial cost compared to non-integration. However, the long-term benefits that can be obtained are very significant.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study? A: The recommendations of this study include increasing investment in farming, providing education and training, equipping farmers with market information, and supporting farmers with related institutions.

Q: What are the limitations of this study? A: The limitations of this study include small sample size, limited data collection, and lack of control group.

Q: What are the future research directions? A: The future research directions include investigating the long-term effects of the integration pattern, scalability of the integration pattern, and economic analysis of the integration pattern.

Q: How can farmers benefit from this integration pattern? A: Farmers can benefit from this integration pattern by increasing their income, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, and utilizing weeds as animal feed.

Q: What is the role of related institutions in supporting farmers? A: Related institutions can play a crucial role in supporting farmers by providing training, access to resources, and market information.

Q: How can farmers overcome the challenges faced in the application of this integration pattern? A: Farmers can overcome the challenges faced in the application of this integration pattern by seeking education and training, equipping themselves with market information, and seeking support from related institutions.

Q: What are the implications of this study for policy makers? A: The implications of this study for policy makers include the need to provide support and resources to farmers who want to adopt the integration pattern, and to create policies that promote sustainable agriculture and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers.

Q: What are the implications of this study for farmers? A: The implications of this study for farmers include the need to increase investment in farming, seek education and training, and equip themselves with market information to maximize the potential of their farmers.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the environment? A: The implications of this study for the environment include the reduction of dependence on chemical fertilizers, utilization of weeds as animal feed, and promotion of sustainable agriculture.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the economy? A: The implications of this study for the economy include the increase in farmers' income, creation of jobs, and promotion of sustainable agriculture.