Improved prevention and management efforts

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 37 views

The Prevalence of Heart Failure in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients at the 2016 Adam Malik Hajj Hospital in Medan

Acute coronary syndrome (SKA) is a serious cardiovascular health problem that often requires hospital treatment and is associated with high mortality rates. In 2016, research conducted at the Adam Malik Hospital in Medan revealed a significant relationship between acute coronary syndrome and complications of heart failure. Heart failure is a condition characterized by the inadequate ability of the heart to pump blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. Understanding the prevalence and factors that influence the occurrence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome is crucial in the medical world.

Acute coronary syndrome can manifest in various forms, including myocardial infarction (heart attack) and unstable angina. The existence of complications such as heart failure in SKA patients is a major concern in the medical world. Heart failure presents clinical challenges because it can drastically affect the quality of life of patients and increase treatment costs. Given the high incidence of SKA in Indonesia, it is essential to understand the prevalence and factors that influence the occurrence of heart failure in these patients.

This study aims to determine the prevalence of heart failure among acute coronary syndrome patients treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan from January to December 2016. Through this analysis, it is expected to obtain a clearer picture of the relationship between acute coronary syndrome and heart failure as well as factors that play a role.

This study uses a descriptive research design with the cross-sectional method. The sample was taken from the medical record of patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome at Adam Malik Hajj Hospital Medan through Consecutive Sampling technique. Data is collected from medical records to identify patients with heart failure, then processed using the Statistics Package for Social Science (SPSS) program. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of tables to provide a clearer picture.

Of the total 157 patients with acute coronary syndrome studied, it was found that 91 patients experience heart failure, which means the prevalence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome in this hospital is 58%. Among patients who experience heart failure, the majority (79.3%) are male, with 78% age more than 50 years. In addition, 39% of total patients who have heart failure are diagnosed with NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction), and 91.5% experience acute coronary syndrome for less than 5 years.

The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome at Adam Malik Hajj Hospital Medan is 58%. This study also indicates that factors such as age, gender, diagnosis classification, and duration of acute coronary syndrome contribute significantly to the occurrence of heart failure. The high prevalence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome highlights the need for better prevention and management efforts to reduce the incidence of heart failure in these patients.

The results of this study provide valuable insights into the prevalence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome at Adam Malik Hajj Hospital Medan. The findings of this study suggest that factors such as age, gender, diagnosis classification, and duration of acute coronary syndrome contribute significantly to the occurrence of heart failure. With this understanding, it is hoped that the medical party can be more proactive in dealing with patients with high risk of heart failure, as well as improving the quality of treatment and treatment in hospitals.

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Improved prevention and management efforts: Better prevention and management efforts can be implemented to reduce the incidence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Early detection and treatment: Early detection and treatment of heart failure can improve the quality of life of patients and reduce treatment costs.
Risk stratification: Risk stratification can help identify patients with high risk of heart failure, allowing for more proactive management and treatment.
Education and awareness: Education and awareness programs can be implemented to raise awareness about the risks and consequences of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

This study has several limitations, including:

Sample size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Data collection: Data collection was limited to medical records, which may not provide a comprehensive picture of the relationship between acute coronary syndrome and heart failure.
Study design: The study design used in this study is descriptive, which may not provide a causal relationship between acute coronary syndrome and heart failure.

Future research directions include:

Prospective studies: Prospective studies can be conducted to investigate the relationship between acute coronary syndrome and heart failure in a larger and more diverse population.
Longitudinal studies: Longitudinal studies can be conducted to investigate the long-term outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome and heart failure.
Interventional studies: Interventional studies can be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of prevention and management efforts in reducing the incidence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Heart Failure in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

A: Acute coronary syndrome (SKA) is a serious cardiovascular health problem that occurs when the blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. It can manifest in various forms, including myocardial infarction (heart attack) and unstable angina.

A: Heart failure is a condition characterized by the inadequate ability of the heart to pump blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. It can be caused by various factors, including acute coronary syndrome, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

A: According to the study conducted at the Adam Malik Hajj Hospital in Medan, the prevalence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome is 58%.

A: The study found that factors such as age, gender, diagnosis classification, and duration of acute coronary syndrome contribute significantly to the occurrence of heart failure. Specifically, the majority of patients who experience heart failure are male, with 78% age more than 50 years.

A: The symptoms of heart failure can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Swelling in the legs and feet
Coughing up pink, frothy mucus
Chest pain or discomfort

A: Heart failure is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests, such as:

Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray
Blood tests

A: The treatment options for heart failure depend on the severity of the condition and may include:

Medications to reduce symptoms and slow disease progression
Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise
Device therapy, such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs)
Surgery, such as heart transplantation

A: While heart failure cannot be completely prevented, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing the condition. These include:

Maintaining a healthy weight
Exercising regularly
Eating a healthy diet
Managing stress
Getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider

A: The prognosis for patients with heart failure depends on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, many patients with heart failure can lead active and fulfilling lives. However, heart failure can be a progressive condition, and some patients may experience a decline in their quality of life over time.