Immunophenotyping Pattern in Acute Leukemia Patients in Children at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital Medan

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 23 views

Immunophenotyping Pattern in Acute Leukemia Patients in Children at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital Medan

Introduction

Immunophenotyping is a crucial diagnostic tool in the field of oncology, particularly in the classification and diagnosis of acute leukemia. This method has been widely adopted by the medical community due to its ability to provide accurate and reproducible data, as per the diagnostic standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The classification proposed by WHO takes into account several factors, including cell morphology, genetic information, immunophenotyping results, and the patient's clinical features, to determine the specific entity of the disease. In this context, immunophenotyping plays a vital role in increasing the accuracy of diagnosis and providing a clear understanding of the disease's characteristics.

The Importance of Immunophenotyping in Acute Leukemia Diagnosis

Immunophenotyping is a powerful diagnostic tool that allows doctors to obtain detailed information about the type of cancer cells encountered. This technology enables healthcare professionals to adjust the treatment strategy to meet the specific needs of each patient, thereby improving treatment outcomes. In addition, the consistent results between immunophenotyping and morphological methods demonstrate the validity of this method as a reliable diagnosis tool. The use of monoclonal antibodies in FlowcyTometry Immunophenotyping three colors has been shown to provide good consistency with cell morphology, highlighting the effectiveness of this method in diagnosing acute leukemia.

Objective and Methodology

The primary objective of this study is to identify immunophenotyping patterns in patients with acute children's acute leukemia and their impact on the prognosis of diseases in the Department of Children's Health Sciences at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital, Medan. This study employed a cohort research design, where data from complete blood count, peripheral blood apusan, bone marrow morphology, and flowcytometry immunophenotyping were evaluated. The sample taken was assessed for the morphology of blast and immunophenotyping on the first day and the morphology of the blast on the 42nd day after remission induction therapy. The results of this evaluation were then compared to assess the effectiveness of remission induction therapy.

Results and Analysis

A total of 20 samples were analyzed in this study, and the results showed that the use of monoclonal antibodies in FlowcyTometry Immunophenotyping three colors provided good consistency with cell morphology (κ = 0.886). The classification results revealed that 45% of patients were diagnosed with B-All (acute lymphoblastic leukemia type B), 35% with AML (acute myeloid leukemia), and 20% as T-All (acute lymphoblastic leukemia type T). These findings indicate that immunophenotyping has been proven to increase the accuracy of diagnosis and assist in establishing specific lineage of blast cells, according to WHO diagnostic standards.

Conclusion and Implications

The results of this study demonstrate the importance of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and treatment of acute leukemia. The consistent results between immunophenotyping and morphological methods highlight the validity of this method as a reliable diagnosis tool. Furthermore, the application of this method is expected to increase the treatment and prognosis of acute leukemia patients, thereby providing better care at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital. This study also emphasizes the need for further research with larger and more diverse samples to obtain more comprehensive data and strengthen this conclusion.

The Role of Immunophenotyping in Clinical Practice

Future Directions and Recommendations

This study highlights the importance of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and treatment of acute leukemia. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is necessary to obtain more comprehensive data and strengthen this conclusion. In addition, this study emphasizes the need for increased awareness about the importance of monitoring and early diagnosis of acute leukemia, especially in children. By understanding immunophenotyping patterns, medical personnel can provide timely interventions that can contribute to increasing the patient's survival rate.

Limitations and Future Research Directions

Although the number of samples in this study is relatively small, the results obtained provide a positive initial picture of the use of immunophenotyping in clinical practice. Further research with larger and more diverse samples will be important to obtain more comprehensive data and strengthen this conclusion. In addition, this study highlights the need for further research on the application of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and treatment of acute leukemia, particularly in children.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and treatment of acute leukemia. The consistent results between immunophenotyping and morphological methods highlight the validity of this method as a reliable diagnosis tool. Furthermore, the application of this method is expected to increase the treatment and prognosis of acute leukemia patients, thereby providing better care at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital. This study also emphasizes the need for further research with larger and more diverse samples to obtain more comprehensive data and strengthen this conclusion.
Immunophenotyping Pattern in Acute Leukemia Patients in Children at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital Medan: Q&A

Q: What is immunophenotyping, and how does it relate to acute leukemia diagnosis?

A: Immunophenotyping is a diagnostic tool that allows doctors to obtain detailed information about the type of cancer cells encountered. In the context of acute leukemia, immunophenotyping is used to identify the specific lineage of blast cells, which is essential for determining the type of leukemia and developing an effective treatment plan.

Q: What are the benefits of using immunophenotyping in acute leukemia diagnosis?

A: Immunophenotyping provides several benefits, including increased accuracy of diagnosis, improved treatment outcomes, and better patient care. By identifying the specific lineage of blast cells, doctors can develop a targeted treatment plan that is tailored to the individual patient's needs.

Q: What are the different types of leukemia that can be diagnosed using immunophenotyping?

A: Immunophenotyping can be used to diagnose several types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia type B (B-ALL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia type T (T-ALL), and others.

Q: How does immunophenotyping work, and what are the steps involved in the process?

A: Immunophenotyping involves the use of monoclonal antibodies to identify specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells. The process typically involves the following steps:

Collection of blood or bone marrow samples from the patient.
Preparation of the samples for analysis.
Use of monoclonal antibodies to identify specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells.
Analysis of the results to determine the specific lineage of blast cells.

Q: What are the limitations of immunophenotyping, and what are the potential challenges associated with its use?

A: While immunophenotyping is a powerful diagnostic tool, it is not without limitations. Some of the potential challenges associated with its use include:

Limited availability of monoclonal antibodies.
Potential for false-negative or false-positive results.
Need for specialized equipment and expertise.
Potential for high costs associated with the procedure.

Q: What are the future directions for immunophenotyping research, and how can it be improved?

A: Future research directions for immunophenotyping include:

Development of new monoclonal antibodies to identify specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells.
Improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of immunophenotyping assays.
Development of new technologies to analyze immunophenotyping data.
Investigation of the potential for immunophenotyping to be used in combination with other diagnostic tools to improve treatment outcomes.

Q: What are the implications of this study for clinical practice, and how can it be applied in real-world settings?

A: The findings of this study have several implications for clinical practice, including:

Improved accuracy of diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Better patient care and outcomes.
Potential for reduced costs associated with treatment.
Improved understanding of the biology of acute leukemia and the development of targeted therapies.

Q: What are the next steps for this research, and how can it be built upon in the future?

A: The next steps for this research include:

Further investigation of the use of immunophenotyping in combination with other diagnostic tools.
Development of new monoclonal antibodies to identify specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells.
Investigation of the potential for immunophenotyping to be used in combination with other diagnostic tools to improve treatment outcomes.
Development of new technologies to analyze immunophenotyping data.