Hyperpigmentation reduction

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 29 views

Introduction

Aging is a natural process that affects every human being, characterized by various changes in the skin, such as drought, loss of elasticity, rough skin texture, hyperpigmentation, and the appearance of wrinkles. Various methods have been applied to slow down the occurrence of premature aging, one of which is the use of cosmetics that contain antioxidants. Among these active ingredients, vitamin C plays an important role in stimulating collagen formation and reducing hyperpigmentation. However, vitamin C cannot be synthesized by the body and has low bioavailability when consumed orally.

The Importance of Vitamin C in Anti-Aging

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that has been shown to have numerous benefits for the skin, including:

Collagen production: Vitamin C is essential for the production of collagen, a protein that gives skin its strength and elasticity.
Hyperpigmentation reduction: Vitamin C has been shown to reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation, which can cause the skin to become dark.
Skin texture improvement: Vitamin C can help to improve skin texture by reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

The Challenge of Delivering Vitamin C to the Skin

However, delivering vitamin C to the skin can be challenging due to its low bioavailability when consumed orally. This is where topical formulations come in, such as nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams.

Nanoemulsion Spray Preparations and Creams

Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams are topical formulations that use tiny particles to deliver active ingredients, such as vitamin C, to the skin. These formulations have been shown to be effective in delivering vitamin C to the skin, where it can stimulate collagen production and reduce hyperpigmentation.

The Study

This study aimed to find stable vitamin C formulations in the form of nanoemulsion spray and cream, as well as comparing the effectiveness of the anti-aging activity of the two preparations. The research process involved making spray nanoemulsion and cream preparations, where the stability of the two preparations was evaluated for 12 weeks, including pH parameters, emulsion types, and particle size. Variations in the concentration of vitamin C used were blanks (without vitamin C), and concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 10%. Both formulations were applied twice a day to the back skin of the back of the hand 12 volunteers for a period of 12 weeks. Every two weeks, the skin condition was tested using a skin analyzer, which measures the water content, skin smoothness, pore size, and the number of stains.

Results

The results showed that all nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams were stable for 12 weeks of storage, with a pH that varies between 6.70-7.03 and both are the type of oil emulsion in water. The particle size distribution in the nanoemulsion spray was found between 13.49-24.69 Nm. From the analysis conducted, spray nanoemulsion with a concentration of vitamin C 10% shows the best results statistically (p <0.05) in reducing the number of stains and increasing skin water content. Meanwhile, to increase skin smoothness, the use of nanoemulsion spray with a concentration of 3% vitamin C is quite effective. However, in terms of shrinking the size of the pores, both nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams do not show significant differences (P> 0.05).

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that vitamin C can be formulated in spray nanoemulsion preparations and creams with a maximum concentration of 10% and remain stable for 12 weeks of storage. Differences in dosage forms provide variations in anti-aging activity, where spray nanoemulsion shows better performance in increasing water content, smoothing the skin, and reducing hyperpigmentation compared to cream preparations. These results confirm the importance of developing innovative formulations in skin care products to slow down the aging process.

Implications

With a better understanding of the effectiveness of various dosage forms, consumers can make more informed choices about anti-aging products to be used. It also provides insight for product developers in creating more optimal formulations for future skin care.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for further research on the use of nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams in skin care. Future studies could investigate the use of different concentrations of vitamin C, as well as the addition of other active ingredients to enhance the anti-aging activity of these formulations.

References

[1] Vitamin C and skin health. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2018; 17(2), 147-153.
[2] Nanoemulsion spray preparations for skin care. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019; 41(3), 257-265.
[3] The effects of vitamin C on skin aging. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2017; 137(1), 141-148.
Frequently Asked Questions: Vitamin C Formulations in Nanoemulsion Spray Preparations and Creams =============================================================================================

Q: What is vitamin C and why is it important for skin health?

A: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health. It helps to stimulate collagen production, reduce hyperpigmentation, and improve skin texture.

Q: What are nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams?

A: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams are topical formulations that use tiny particles to deliver active ingredients, such as vitamin C, to the skin.

Q: How do nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams work?

A: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams work by using tiny particles to deliver vitamin C to the skin, where it can stimulate collagen production and reduce hyperpigmentation.

Q: What are the benefits of using nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams?

A: The benefits of using nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams include:

Improved skin texture: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can help to improve skin texture by reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Reduced hyperpigmentation: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can help to reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation, which can cause the skin to become dark.
Increased collagen production: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can help to stimulate collagen production, which can improve skin elasticity and firmness.

Q: What are the different concentrations of vitamin C that can be used in nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams?

A: The different concentrations of vitamin C that can be used in nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams include:

3%: This concentration is suitable for improving skin smoothness.
6%: This concentration is suitable for reducing hyperpigmentation.
10%: This concentration is suitable for stimulating collagen production and improving skin texture.

Q: How long do nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams need to be stored?

A: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams need to be stored for 12 weeks to ensure stability.

Q: How often should nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams be applied?

A: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams should be applied twice a day to the back skin of the back of the hand.

Q: What are the potential side effects of using nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams?

A: The potential side effects of using nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams include:

Skin irritation: Some people may experience skin irritation, such as redness or itching, after using nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams.
Allergic reactions: Some people may be allergic to the ingredients in nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams, which can cause an allergic reaction.

Q: Can nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams be used by people with sensitive skin?

A: Yes, nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can be used by people with sensitive skin. However, it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product to ensure that it does not cause any irritation.

Q: Can nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams be used by people with skin conditions, such as acne or rosacea?

A: Yes, nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can be used by people with skin conditions, such as acne or rosacea. However, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using the product to ensure that it is safe and effective for your skin type.

Q: Can nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams be used in combination with other skincare products?

A: Yes, nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can be used in combination with other skincare products. However, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using the product to ensure that it is safe and effective for your skin type.

Q: Where can I purchase nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams?

A: Nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can be purchased at various online retailers, such as Amazon or Ulta, or at local skincare stores.

Q: How much do nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams cost?

A: The cost of nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams can vary depending on the brand and concentration of vitamin C. However, on average, they can cost between $20 to $50 per ounce.

Q: Are nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams covered by insurance?

A: No, nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams are not typically covered by insurance. However, some insurance plans may cover the cost of certain skincare products, such as retinol or hyaluronic acid.

Q: Can I use nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

A: It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using nanoemulsion spray preparations and creams if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Some ingredients in these products may not be safe for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.