Factors Causing Low Immunization Coverage

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 64 views

Analysis of the Implementation of a Complete Basic Immunization Program in Babies in Matang Panyang Village, Langsa City with Realist Evaluation Approaches

Introduction

The complete basic immunization program is a crucial effort to reduce morbidity, death, and disability in infants and children under five years. However, in the village of Matang Panyang, located in East Langsa District, Langsa City, the achievement of complete basic immunization is still relatively low. This is a concern, especially considering the data from the World Health Organization (WHO) which states that more than 12 million children under five years died every year due to diseases that can be prevented through immunization. Aceh Province, which includes Matang Panyang Village, has a percentage of babies who get a complete basic immunization below the national average.

Factors Causing Low Immunization Coverage

Implementation of the Immunization Program in Matang Panyang Village faces various challenges. Based on qualitative research with the realist evaluation approach, several contextual factors that contribute to the low scope of this immunization include:

1. Low Level of Trust

Many parents do not believe in the benefits of immunization. This can be caused by lack of accurate information about immunization and positive impact on children's health. The lack of trust in immunization programs can be attributed to misinformation and lack of understanding about the benefits of immunization. The community's perception of immunization is often influenced by their social and cultural context. In some cases, parents may be hesitant to vaccinate their children due to concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. It is essential to address these concerns through education and awareness campaigns to increase trust in immunization programs.

2. Stigma of Vaccines

Some villagers still believe that the vaccine given is haram or not in accordance with religious teachings. This creates uncertainty and fear in undergoing immunization programs. The stigma surrounding vaccines can be a significant barrier to immunization coverage. In some cultures, vaccines are perceived as being against religious teachings or values. This can lead to a lack of trust in immunization programs and a reluctance to vaccinate children. It is essential to address these concerns through education and awareness campaigns that highlight the importance of immunization in preventing diseases.

3. Lack of Support from Husband

In many cases, support from couples is very important for decision making in the family. The absence of this support can prevent mothers in bringing their children from getting immunization. The lack of support from husbands can be a significant barrier to immunization coverage. In some cultures, decision-making power is often held by men. If men are not supportive of immunization, it can be challenging for women to make informed decisions about vaccinating their children. It is essential to involve men in immunization decision-making processes to increase support for immunization programs.

4. Irregular Training

Health workers in the village often do not get regular training on immunization. This results in a lack of knowledge and skills in socializing the importance of immunization to the community. The lack of regular training for health workers can be a significant barrier to immunization coverage. In some cases, health workers may not have the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively communicate the importance of immunization to the community. It is essential to provide regular training for health workers to increase their knowledge and skills in immunization.

5. Lack of Socialization and Direct Visit

Lack of socialization and direct visits by health workers makes the community not get adequate information about the immunization program, so they are less motivated to participate in the program. The lack of socialization and direct visits by health workers can be a significant barrier to immunization coverage. In some cases, health workers may not have the time or resources to conduct regular socialization and direct visits. It is essential to increase the frequency of socialization and direct visits by health workers to increase awareness and motivation for immunization.

Implications and Recommendations

By analyzing these factors through C-M-O (Context-mechanism-Outcome) configuration, it can be concluded that the low level of trust, stigma, and lack of support and training results in a low basic immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village, not reaching the Universal Child Immunization (UCI). To increase immunization coverage, a more proactive approach is needed. Here are some recommendations that can be considered:

1. Involving Health Promotion Officers and Community Leaders

Establish cooperation with community leaders and health workers to provide counseling about the importance of immunization, so that information received by the community is more credible and trustworthy. Involving community leaders and health workers in immunization decision-making processes can increase trust and support for immunization programs.

2. Improving the Quality of Training for Health Workers

Conduct routine training for health workers so that they can understand and convey information about immunization better. Providing regular training for health workers can increase their knowledge and skills in immunization.

3. More Intensive Socialization

Increasing the frequency of socialization and direct visits to homes to explain the benefits of immunization clearly and answer the doubt of the community. Increasing the frequency of socialization and direct visits by health workers can increase awareness and motivation for immunization.

Conclusion

The complete basic immunization program is a crucial effort to reduce morbidity, death, and disability in infants and children under five years. However, in the village of Matang Panyang, the achievement of complete basic immunization is still relatively low. By analyzing the factors that contribute to low immunization coverage, it can be concluded that the low level of trust, stigma, and lack of support and training results in a low basic immunization coverage. To increase immunization coverage, a more proactive approach is needed. Involving health promotion officers and community leaders, improving the quality of training for health workers, and increasing the frequency of socialization and direct visits by health workers are some of the recommendations that can be considered to increase immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Implementation of a Complete Basic Immunization Program in Matang Panyang Village, Langsa City

Q: What is the main challenge facing the implementation of the complete basic immunization program in Matang Panyang Village?

A: The main challenge facing the implementation of the complete basic immunization program in Matang Panyang Village is the low level of trust among parents, stigma surrounding vaccines, lack of support from husbands, irregular training for health workers, and lack of socialization and direct visits by health workers.

Q: What are the consequences of low immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village?

A: The consequences of low immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village include increased morbidity, mortality, and disability in infants and children under five years. This can also lead to a higher risk of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases.

Q: How can the low level of trust among parents be addressed?

A: The low level of trust among parents can be addressed through education and awareness campaigns that provide accurate information about the benefits of immunization. This can include providing information about the safety and efficacy of vaccines, as well as the importance of immunization in preventing diseases.

Q: What role can community leaders play in increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village?

A: Community leaders can play a crucial role in increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village by providing counseling and support to parents, as well as advocating for the importance of immunization in the community.

Q: How can the quality of training for health workers be improved?

A: The quality of training for health workers can be improved through regular training and education programs that provide health workers with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively communicate the importance of immunization to the community.

Q: What is the importance of socialization and direct visits by health workers in increasing immunization coverage?

A: Socialization and direct visits by health workers are essential in increasing immunization coverage because they provide parents with accurate information about the benefits of immunization and help to address any concerns or misconceptions they may have.

Q: What are some of the recommendations that can be considered to increase immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village?

A: Some of the recommendations that can be considered to increase immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village include involving health promotion officers and community leaders, improving the quality of training for health workers, and increasing the frequency of socialization and direct visits by health workers.

Q: What is the expected outcome of increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village?

A: The expected outcome of increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village is a significant reduction in morbidity, mortality, and disability in infants and children under five years, as well as a decrease in the risk of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases.

Q: How can the community be involved in increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village?

A: The community can be involved in increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village by participating in education and awareness campaigns, providing support to parents who are hesitant to vaccinate their children, and advocating for the importance of immunization in the community.

Q: What is the role of the government in increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village?

A: The government plays a crucial role in increasing immunization coverage in Matang Panyang Village by providing resources and support for immunization programs, as well as advocating for the importance of immunization in the community.