Estrogen Receptor Hormone Status

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 22 views

Understanding Menarche's Age Description with Receptor Hormones (Estrogen and Progesterone) in Breast Cancer at Adam Malik Hajj Hospital Medan from January 2013 - June 2018

Breast cancer is a growing health concern in society, particularly in Indonesia. This study focuses on the age of menarche and its relationship with the status of hormone receptors estrogen and progesterone in breast cancer patients at Adam Malik Hospital Medan, from January 2013 to June 2018. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer and can serve as a reference for further research and health policies.

Background

Cancer is a non-communicable disease that is increasingly prevalent, with an incidence that tends to rise every year. Factors that contribute to the incidence of breast cancer include earlier menarche age, slower menopause, the use of exogenous hormones, and a history of certain diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, obesity, high-fat diet, radiation exposure, and family history of breast cancer. Understanding the relationship between menarche and hormone status is crucial in formulating effective prevention and management strategies for breast cancer.

Research Objectives

This study aims to identify the age of menarche in breast cancer patients treated at the Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan, with a focus on the age group above and under 12 years. Additionally, this study aims to evaluate the status of the hormone receptor (estrogen and progesterone) in women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Research Methods

The research method employed is an analytical survey with a retrospective approach. The data collected includes the patient's demographic information, menarche's age, as well as the status of the receptor hormone from 177 breast cancer patients who were hospitalized during the study period.

Research Results

From the results of the research on 177 patients, the following important information was found:

Age of the Patient: The majority of patients are under 50 years old, with details of 117 patients (66.1%).
Education Level: Most patients have the latest education at the high school level, which is 88 patients (49.7%).
Work: Many of the patients are housewives, with a total of 113 patients (63.8%).
Age Menarche: Most patients, as many as 144 (81.4%), experienced menarche at the age of 12 years or more.
Estrogen Receptor Hormone Status: In terms of estrogen receptor status, 89 patients (50.3%) have positive results (ER+), while 88 patients (49.7%) negative results (ER-).
Progesterone Receptor Hormone Status: The results show 79 patients (44.6%) positive progesterone (PR+), while 98 patients (55.4%) are negative (PR-).

Conclusion

From the research conducted, it can be concluded that the majority of breast cancer patients have menarche age above 12 years, with positive results in the hormone receptor estrogen (ER+) and negative in the hormone receptor progesterone (PR-). These findings provide an important picture of the factors that may contribute to the development of breast cancer, and can be a reference for further research and health policies for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in Indonesia.

Implications and Recommendations

It is essential for the community to increase awareness about breast cancer and related risk factors, so that prevention efforts can be done early. In addition, further research is needed to understand more in the relationship between menarche's age and the status of the hormone receptors in the context of breast cancer. This study highlights the importance of understanding the factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer, and the need for effective prevention and management strategies.

Limitations and Future Directions

This study has several limitations, including the retrospective approach and the limited sample size. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and employ a prospective approach to provide more accurate and reliable results. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the relationship between menarche's age and the status of hormone receptors in breast cancer patients.

References

This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of research ethics, and the data collected was anonymized to ensure patient confidentiality. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer, and can serve as a reference for further research and health policies.

Appendix

The appendix includes the detailed demographic information of the patients, as well as the results of the hormone receptor status. This information is provided to facilitate further research and analysis.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan for providing access to the patient data, and the research team for their contributions to the study.
Q&A: Understanding Menarche's Age Description with Receptor Hormones (Estrogen and Progesterone) in Breast Cancer

In our previous article, we discussed the findings of a study on the age of menarche and its relationship with the status of hormone receptors estrogen and progesterone in breast cancer patients at Adam Malik Hospital Medan. In this Q&A article, we will address some of the most frequently asked questions about the study and its implications.

Q: What is menarche, and why is it important in breast cancer research?

A: Menarche is the first menstrual period in a female, typically occurring between the ages of 11 and 14. In breast cancer research, menarche is important because it is a potential risk factor for developing breast cancer. Early menarche, defined as menarche before the age of 12, has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.

Q: What are hormone receptors, and how do they relate to breast cancer?

A: Hormone receptors are proteins on the surface of cells that bind to hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. In breast cancer, hormone receptors play a crucial role in the development and growth of tumors. Estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) are the two main types of hormone receptors found in breast cancer cells. The presence or absence of these receptors can affect the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.

Q: What were the main findings of the study?

A: The study found that the majority of breast cancer patients had menarche at the age of 12 years or more, with positive results in the hormone receptor estrogen (ER+) and negative in the hormone receptor progesterone (PR-). These findings suggest that menarche age may be an important factor in the development of breast cancer, and that hormone receptor status may play a role in the prognosis and treatment of the disease.

Q: What are the implications of the study's findings?

A: The study's findings have several implications for breast cancer research and treatment. They suggest that menarche age may be an important risk factor for breast cancer, and that hormone receptor status may be a useful tool in predicting the prognosis and treatment of the disease. Additionally, the study highlights the need for further research into the relationship between menarche age and hormone receptor status in breast cancer.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including the retrospective approach and the limited sample size. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and employ a prospective approach to provide more accurate and reliable results.

Q: What are the next steps in breast cancer research?

A: The next steps in breast cancer research include further investigation into the relationship between menarche age and hormone receptor status, as well as the development of new treatments and therapies for breast cancer. Additionally, researchers should continue to explore the role of hormone receptors in breast cancer, and to develop new biomarkers for predicting the prognosis and treatment of the disease.

Q: How can women reduce their risk of breast cancer?

A: Women can reduce their risk of breast cancer by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding exposure to radiation and other carcinogens. Additionally, women should be aware of their family history of breast cancer and take steps to reduce their risk if they have a family history of the disease.

Q: What resources are available for women with breast cancer?

A: There are many resources available for women with breast cancer, including support groups, online communities, and educational materials. Women with breast cancer should also consult with their healthcare provider to discuss their treatment options and develop a plan for managing their disease.

Q: How can I get involved in breast cancer research?

A: There are many ways to get involved in breast cancer research, including volunteering for clinical trials, participating in fundraising events, and supporting organizations that fund breast cancer research. Additionally, women can stay informed about the latest developments in breast cancer research by following reputable sources and attending educational events.