Effectiveness on other heavy metals

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 51 views

The Ability of Adsorption of Rambutan Rods Modified by Nitric Acid (HNO3) to Heavy Metals of Cuprum Ions (Cu2+) on the Shaker

Introduction

Heavy metal pollution in water is a significant environmental concern worldwide. The presence of heavy metals such as copper (Cu2+) in water can have severe health implications for humans and aquatic life. Therefore, it is essential to develop efficient and cost-effective methods for removing heavy metals from water. In this study, we investigated the ability of rambutan rods modified by nitric acid (HNO3) to adsorb cuprum ions (Cu2+) from aqueous solutions. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the modified rambutan rod adsorption capability (MRR) to Cu2+ ions in the solution.

Materials and Methods

The rambutan rods were collected from a local market and washed thoroughly with distilled water. The rods were then dried in an oven at 100°C for 24 hours. The dried rambutan rods were then crushed into powder using a mortar and pestle. The powder was then mixed with nitric acid (HNO3) in a ratio of 1:1 and stirred for 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered and washed with distilled water to remove any excess acid. The resulting powder was then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) techniques.

Adsorption of Cu2+ Ions

The adsorption of Cu2+ ions from the solution was done by varying the size of the adsorbent, the initial concentration of Cu2+ ions, as well as stirring speed. The results showed that the batch equilibrium data obtained was very in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model, which indicated that the adsorption process followed the monolayer mechanism on the surface of the adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved by MRR to Cu (II) is 5,504 mg/g at 100/200 mesh conditions, with an initial concentration of 70 ppm and stirring speed of 150 rpm. This value is quite large compared to several other types of adsorbents, showing that modified rambutan rod charcoal can be an efficient alternative to dealing with heavy metal pollution in water.

Adsorption Kinetic Analysis

Adsorption kinetic analysis shows that the best data matches the second pseudo-order kinetic model, which shows that the adsorption rate is influenced by the number of active sites on the surface of the adsorbent. In addition, intra-particle diffusion models are used to investigate deeper adsorption mechanisms, provide an understanding of the processes that occur in the inner layer of adsorbent.

Thermodynamics of Adsorption

In terms of thermodynamics, the parameters obtained show that the adsorption of Cu ions (II) in the MRR takes place spontaneously and is endothermic. This indicates that this adsorption process is not only efficient but also provides insight that the use of MRR can be an environmentally friendly solution to overcome the problem of water pollution by heavy metals.

Conclusion

Overall, the results of this study indicate that the modified charcoal from the rambutan rod has excellent potential as an adsorbent to eliminate Cu ions (II) from the solution. With its high ability in heavy metal adsorption, MRR can be considered as an alternative material in the water treatment process to improve environmental quality. Further research is needed to explore its effectiveness to other types of heavy metals and to optimize the process of processing so that it can be applied widely on an industrial scale.

Future Directions

The results of this study suggest that MRR can be a promising material for heavy metal removal from water. However, there are several limitations and challenges that need to be addressed before MRR can be used on an industrial scale. Some of the future directions for this research include:

Scalability: The current study was conducted on a small scale, and it is essential to scale up the process to make it more feasible for industrial applications.
Cost-effectiveness: The cost of producing MRR needs to be reduced to make it more competitive with other adsorbents.
Effectiveness on other heavy metals: The effectiveness of MRR on other heavy metals needs to be investigated to determine its potential as a universal adsorbent.
Optimization of process conditions: The process conditions, such as stirring speed, initial concentration of Cu2+ ions, and adsorbent size, need to be optimized to improve the efficiency of the adsorption process.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of MRR as an efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for heavy metal removal from water. The high adsorption capacity, spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process, and the ability to be scaled up make MRR a promising material for industrial applications. However, further research is needed to address the limitations and challenges associated with the use of MRR on an industrial scale.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Ability of Adsorption of Rambutan Rods Modified by Nitric Acid (HNO3) to Heavy Metals of Cuprum Ions (Cu2+) on the Shaker

Q: What is the main objective of this study?

A: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the modified rambutan rod adsorption capability (MRR) to Cu2+ ions in the solution.

Q: What is the significance of using rambutan rods as an adsorbent?

A: Rambutan rods are a type of agricultural waste that can be easily obtained and processed into a useful adsorbent material. They have a high surface area and can be modified to improve their adsorption capacity.

Q: What is the role of nitric acid (HNO3) in modifying the rambutan rods?

A: Nitric acid (HNO3) is used as a modifier agent to enhance the adsorption capacity of the rambutan rods. It helps to create a more reactive surface on the rods, allowing them to adsorb more Cu2+ ions.

Q: What is the Langmuir isotherm model, and how does it relate to the adsorption of Cu2+ ions?

A: The Langmuir isotherm model is a mathematical model that describes the adsorption of molecules onto a surface. In this study, the Langmuir isotherm model was used to describe the adsorption of Cu2+ ions onto the modified rambutan rods. The results showed that the adsorption process followed the monolayer mechanism on the surface of the adsorbent.

Q: What is the significance of the maximum adsorption capacity achieved by MRR?

A: The maximum adsorption capacity achieved by MRR is 5,504 mg/g at 100/200 mesh conditions, with an initial concentration of 70 ppm and stirring speed of 150 rpm. This value is quite large compared to several other types of adsorbents, showing that modified rambutan rod charcoal can be an efficient alternative to dealing with heavy metal pollution in water.

Q: What is the second pseudo-order kinetic model, and how does it relate to the adsorption of Cu2+ ions?

A: The second pseudo-order kinetic model is a mathematical model that describes the adsorption rate of molecules onto a surface. In this study, the second pseudo-order kinetic model was used to describe the adsorption rate of Cu2+ ions onto the modified rambutan rods. The results showed that the adsorption rate is influenced by the number of active sites on the surface of the adsorbent.

Q: What is the significance of the intra-particle diffusion model in this study?

A: The intra-particle diffusion model is used to investigate deeper adsorption mechanisms and provide an understanding of the processes that occur in the inner layer of the adsorbent. The results showed that the intra-particle diffusion model can be used to describe the adsorption of Cu2+ ions onto the modified rambutan rods.

Q: What are the implications of the thermodynamic parameters obtained in this study?

A: The thermodynamic parameters obtained in this study show that the adsorption of Cu ions (II) in the MRR takes place spontaneously and is endothermic. This indicates that this adsorption process is not only efficient but also provides insight that the use of MRR can be an environmentally friendly solution to overcome the problem of water pollution by heavy metals.

Q: What are the future directions for this research?

A: The future directions for this research include scaling up the process to make it more feasible for industrial applications, reducing the cost of producing MRR, investigating the effectiveness of MRR on other heavy metals, and optimizing the process conditions to improve the efficiency of the adsorption process.

Q: What are the potential applications of MRR in water treatment?

A: MRR has the potential to be used as an alternative material in the water treatment process to improve environmental quality. It can be used to remove heavy metals from water, making it a promising solution for water pollution problems.