Early detection and treatment of hypertension in pregnant women

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 14 views

KAI Square and Mann Whitney U Test Comparison Using Baby Weight Data Born by a Hypertensive Mother and Who is Not Hypertension in Her Pregnancy at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2017

Introduction

Hypertension in pregnant women is a serious health problem that can lead to death, both for mothers and infants. This disease often does not show typical symptoms, making it difficult to detect in the early stages. In Indonesia, hypertension during pregnancy contributes 32% to maternal death. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the KAI Squares and Mann Whitney U test in analyzing the weight of the baby born by the mother with hypertension and without hypertension.

Background of the Study

Hypertension in pregnant women is a significant health concern that can have severe consequences for both the mother and the baby. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that hypertension during pregnancy is responsible for 32% of maternal deaths worldwide. In Indonesia, this problem is particularly prevalent, with many women suffering from hypertension during pregnancy. The lack of awareness and early detection of hypertension in pregnant women makes it difficult to provide timely and effective treatment, leading to poor health outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Research Methodology

This study uses a comparative analytic approach with a cross-sectional design. The population studied was all babies born to mothers with and without hypertension recorded in the medical record at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, which amounted to 250 people. The sample taken consisted of 84 babies born to hypertensive mothers and 166 infants from non-hypertension mothers, with data taken from medical records between January and December 2017. The type of data used was secondary data, processed using SPSS 16.0 software.

Data Analysis

The data analysis was conducted using two statistical tests: the KAI square test and the Mann Whitney U test. The KAI square test is a non-parametric test used to determine whether there is a significant difference between two independent groups. The Mann Whitney U test is also a non-parametric test used to compare two independent groups, but it is more sensitive to differences in the data. The results of the tests were analyzed to determine whether there was a significant difference in the weight of the babies born to hypertensive and non-hypertensive mothers.

Results

The results of the study showed a significant relationship between the baby's body weight born from hypertensive mothers compared to non-hypertensive mothers. The test used shows a very significant P value, namely p = 0.0000379 for the KAI squared test and p = 0.0000181 for the Mann Whitney U test. This indicates that the weight of the baby born by the hypertensive mother tends to be lower than the baby born by non-hypertensive mothers.

Discussion

The results of the study suggest that hypertension in pregnant women has a significant impact on the weight of the baby born. The Mann Whitney U test has proven to be a more effective method than the KAI square test in identifying this significant difference. This discovery provides important insights in health practices, especially in the management of pregnancy with hypertension, to improve the health of the mother and baby born.

Additional Analysis and Explanation

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that although the two statistical tests show significant results, the Mann Whitney U test is better than the KAI square test in this context. The smaller significance value in the Mann Whitney U test shows that this method is more sensitive in detecting differences in the weight of infants born by hypertensive and non-hypertensive mothers.

The KAI square test is more widely used for categorical data, while the Mann Whitney U test is designed for ordinal data and can be used when the assumption of normality is not met. In this case, the selection of appropriate tests is very important to produce accurate conclusions. The Mann Whitney U test ignored the assumption of normality and has an advantage in handling data that is not normally distributed, so it is more suitable in this analysis.

Conclusion

From the research conducted, it can be concluded that hypertension in pregnant women has a significant impact on the weight of the baby born. The Mann Whitney U test has proven to be a more effective method than the KAI square test in identifying this significant difference. This discovery provides important insights in health practices, especially in the management of pregnancy with hypertension, to improve the health of the mother and baby born.

Recommendations

Based on the results of the study, the following recommendations are made:

Early detection and treatment of hypertension in pregnant women: Early detection and treatment of hypertension in pregnant women can help prevent complications and improve health outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
Use of the Mann Whitney U test: The Mann Whitney U test is a more effective method than the KAI square test in identifying significant differences in the weight of infants born by hypertensive and non-hypertensive mothers.
Further research: Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the relationship between hypertension in pregnant women and the weight of the baby born.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Secondary data: The data used in this study was secondary data, which may be subject to errors or biases.
Limited scope: This study only examined the relationship between hypertension in pregnant women and the weight of the baby born, and did not explore other potential factors that may influence this relationship.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the relationship between hypertension in pregnant women and the weight of the baby born in more detail. Additionally, further research is needed to identify other potential factors that may influence this relationship and to develop effective interventions to prevent complications and improve health outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About KAI Square and Mann Whitney U Test Comparison Using Baby Weight Data Born by a Hypertensive Mother and Who is Not Hypertension in Her Pregnancy at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2017

Q: What is the purpose of this study? A: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the KAI Squares and Mann Whitney U test in analyzing the weight of the baby born by the mother with hypertension and without hypertension.

Q: What is the significance of this study? A: This study is significant because it provides important insights in health practices, especially in the management of pregnancy with hypertension, to improve the health of the mother and baby born.

Q: What are the limitations of this study? A: This study has several limitations, including a small sample size, secondary data, and limited scope.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study? A: The recommendations of this study include early detection and treatment of hypertension in pregnant women, use of the Mann Whitney U test, and further research to confirm the findings of this study.

Q: What are the implications of this study for healthcare providers? A: The implications of this study for healthcare providers are that they should use the Mann Whitney U test to identify significant differences in the weight of infants born by hypertensive and non-hypertensive mothers, and that they should provide early detection and treatment of hypertension in pregnant women.

Q: What are the implications of this study for pregnant women? A: The implications of this study for pregnant women are that they should be aware of the risks of hypertension during pregnancy and should seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms.

Q: What are the implications of this study for future research? A: The implications of this study for future research are that further studies should aim to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the relationship between hypertension in pregnant women and the weight of the baby born in more detail.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study? A: The potential applications of this study include the development of effective interventions to prevent complications and improve health outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Q: What are the potential benefits of this study? A: The potential benefits of this study include improved health outcomes for both the mother and the baby, and the development of effective interventions to prevent complications.

Q: What are the potential risks of this study? A: The potential risks of this study include the potential for errors or biases in the data, and the potential for the study to be misinterpreted or misused.

Q: What are the potential limitations of this study? A: The potential limitations of this study include the small sample size, secondary data, and limited scope.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for policy makers? A: The potential implications of this study for policy makers are that they should consider the findings of this study when developing policies related to hypertension in pregnant women and the management of pregnancy with hypertension.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for healthcare systems? A: The potential implications of this study for healthcare systems are that they should consider the findings of this study when developing policies and procedures related to hypertension in pregnant women and the management of pregnancy with hypertension.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for future research? A: The potential implications of this study for future research are that further studies should aim to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the relationship between hypertension in pregnant women and the weight of the baby born in more detail.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for healthcare providers? A: The potential implications of this study for healthcare providers are that they should use the Mann Whitney U test to identify significant differences in the weight of infants born by hypertensive and non-hypertensive mothers, and that they should provide early detection and treatment of hypertension in pregnant women.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for pregnant women? A: The potential implications of this study for pregnant women are that they should be aware of the risks of hypertension during pregnancy and should seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms.