Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 42 views

Introduction

Dental caries is a common health problem that affects children worldwide, with those under 3 years old being particularly vulnerable. Saliva plays a crucial role in the process of dental caries, containing 99% water and 1% of organic and inorganic substances, including trace elements such as zinc (Zn). This study aims to investigate the relationship between Zn levels in saliva and caries status in children under 3 years in Galang District.

Methodology

This analytic research used a cross-sectional design, with 48 children under the age of 3 years as samples, divided into two groups: 24 children-free caries and 24 children with high caries. To obtain salivary samples, the absorbent method was carried out, while caries data were evaluated using the AAPD criteria (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry). Zn levels in saliva were then tested using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The normality test was carried out with Shapiro-Wilk, and the results were considered significant if the value of P ≤ 0.05.

Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population

The study population was divided into three age groups: 9-16 months, 17-24 months, and 25-35 months, with the average caries index of 0.58 ± 2,021, 1.73 ± 3,467, and 5.04 ± 3,684, respectively. In terms of caries experience, the most caries scores were 0, with 25 children not experiencing caries, while the highest score was found in 1 child in each category that had a caries score of 7, 8, and 13. The average caries index was 3.24 ± 3,820.

Relationship Between Zn Levels in Saliva and Caries Status

When the data was broken down by sex, the average caries index was obtained for males by 2.84 ± 3,708 and for females by 3.94 ± 4,022. The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between Zn levels in saliva and the age or sex of the child. However, when testing the relationship between Zn levels in saliva with caries status, the Mann-Whitney test gave significant results with the value of P = 0.000. This shows that there is a significant relationship between Zn levels in saliva with high caries and caries in children under 3 years in Galang District.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that Zn levels in saliva affect the prevalence of caries in children. Although there is no real relationship between Zn levels and age and sex, the results show the importance of zinc in maintaining the health of children's teeth, especially in preventing caries. Therefore, more attention to Zn levels in children's saliva can be an important preventive step in their dental and oral health.

Implications for Practice

By understanding this relationship, parents and health workers in Galang District can be more vigilant and take preventive steps to reduce the risk of caries in their children, such as increasing the intake of zinc through nutritious food or proper supplements, and doing dental examinations routine. This study highlights the importance of zinc in preventing dental caries in children and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between Zn levels in saliva and caries status over time.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between Zn levels in saliva and caries status in children under 3 years in different populations and settings. Additionally, studies should aim to explore the mechanisms by which Zn levels in saliva affect the prevalence of caries in children.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of zinc in preventing dental caries in children under 3 years. The results show that there is a significant relationship between Zn levels in saliva and caries status in children in Galang District. Therefore, more attention to Zn levels in children's saliva can be an important preventive step in their dental and oral health.

Q: What is the significance of zinc in preventing dental caries in children?

A: Zinc plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of children's teeth, especially in preventing caries. It helps to regulate the pH levels in the mouth, prevent the growth of bacteria that cause caries, and strengthen the enamel of teeth.

Q: What is the relationship between zinc levels in saliva and caries status in children?

A: The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between zinc levels in saliva and caries status in children under 3 years in Galang District. Children with high caries had lower zinc levels in their saliva compared to those with no caries.

Q: How can parents and health workers in Galang District prevent dental caries in children?

A: Parents and health workers can take preventive steps to reduce the risk of caries in children by increasing the intake of zinc through nutritious food or proper supplements, and doing dental examinations routine.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between zinc levels in saliva and caries status over time.

Q: What are the implications of this study for future research?

A: This study highlights the importance of zinc in preventing dental caries in children and emphasizes the need for further research in this area. Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between zinc levels in saliva and caries status in children under 3 years in different populations and settings.

Q: How can zinc levels in saliva be measured?

A: Zinc levels in saliva can be measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, a laboratory test that measures the concentration of zinc in saliva.

Q: What are the benefits of maintaining healthy zinc levels in children?

A: Maintaining healthy zinc levels in children can help to prevent dental caries, strengthen the immune system, and promote overall health and well-being.

Q: Can zinc supplements be used to prevent dental caries in children?

A: While zinc supplements can be beneficial for children with zinc deficiency, they should not be used as a substitute for a healthy diet and regular dental care. Parents and health workers should consult with a healthcare professional before giving zinc supplements to children.

Q: How can parents and caregivers promote healthy zinc levels in children?

A: Parents and caregivers can promote healthy zinc levels in children by providing a balanced diet that includes zinc-rich foods, such as oysters, beef, chicken, and fortified cereals. They can also encourage children to drink plenty of water and limit sugary drinks and snacks.

Q: What are the consequences of zinc deficiency in children?

A: Zinc deficiency in children can lead to a range of health problems, including impaired growth and development, weakened immune system, and increased risk of infections and diseases.

Q: Can zinc levels in saliva be used as a biomarker for dental caries?

A: Yes, zinc levels in saliva can be used as a biomarker for dental caries. This study shows that children with high caries had lower zinc levels in their saliva compared to those with no caries.

Q: What are the future directions for research on zinc levels in saliva and dental caries?

A: Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between zinc levels in saliva and caries status in children under 3 years in different populations and settings. Additionally, studies should aim to explore the mechanisms by which zinc levels in saliva affect the prevalence of caries in children.