Definition of the Variation of the Divisor Sum Function

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 143 views

Introduction

In number theory, the divisor sum function is a fundamental concept that has been extensively studied. The function, denoted by $\sigma(n)$ , represents the sum of all positive divisors of a given number $n$ . However, in this article, we will explore a variation of the divisor sum function, where the divisors are arranged in ascending order, and we will investigate the bounds of this new function.

Definition of the Variation of the Divisor Sum Function

For any number, let the notation $d_i$ refer to its $i$ th positive divisor, when all the positive divisors are arranged in an ascending order. We define a variation of the divisor sum function, denoted by $\sigma^*(n)$ , as follows:

\sigma^*(n) = \sum_{i=1}^k d_i

where $k$ is the number of positive divisors of $n$ , and $d_i$ is the $i$ th positive divisor of $n$ in ascending order.

Properties of the Variation of the Divisor Sum Function

The variation of the divisor sum function has several interesting properties that make it worth studying. Some of these properties are:

Monotonicity: The variation of the divisor sum function is a monotonically increasing function, meaning that as the input number $n$ increases, the value of $\sigma^*(n)$ also increases.
Subadditivity: The variation of the divisor sum function is a subadditive function, meaning that for any two numbers $m$ and $n$ , we have:

\sigma^*(m+n) \leq \sigma^*(m) + \sigma^*(n)

Bounds on the Variation of the Divisor Sum Function

In this section, we will investigate the bounds of the variation of the divisor sum function. We will start by establishing an upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ .

Upper Bound for $\sigma^*(n)$

We can establish an upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ by using the fact that the number of positive divisors of $n$ is at most $\log n + O(1)$ .

Theorem 1: For any positive integer $n$ , we have:

\sigma^*(n) \leq \log n + O(1)

Proof: Let $k$ be the number of positive divisors of $n$ . Then, we have:

\sigma^*(n) = \sum_{i=1}^k d_i \leq \sum_{i=1}^k \sqrt{i} \leq \int_1^k \sqrt{x} dx = \frac{2}{3}k^{3/2} + O(1)

Since $k \leq \log n + O(1)$ , we have:

\sigma^*(n) \leq \frac{2}{3}(\log n + O(1))^{3/2} + O(1) \leq \log n + O(1)

Lower Bound for $\sigma^*(n)$

We can establish a lower bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ by using the fact that the smallest positive divisor of $n$ is at least $1$ .

Theorem 2: For any positive integer $n$ , we have:

\sigma^*(n) \geq \log n - O(1)

Proof: Let $k$ be the number of positive divisors of $n$ . Then, we have:

\sigma^*(n) = \sum_{i=1}^k d_i \geq \sum_{i=1}^k i = \frac{k(k+1)}{2} \geq \frac{k^2}{2}

Since $k \geq \log n - O(1)$ , we have:

\sigma^*(n) \geq \frac{(\log n - O(1))^2}{2} \geq \log n - O(1)

Conclusion

In this article, we have investigated the bounds of a variation of the divisor sum function, where the divisors are arranged in ascending order. We have established an upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ , which is $\log n + O(1)$ , and a lower bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ , which is $\log n - O(1)$ . These bounds provide a useful insight into the behavior of the variation of the divisor sum function and can be used to study its properties further.

Future Work

There are several directions in which this research can be extended. Some possible areas of future research include:

Investigating the distribution of $\sigma^*(n)$ : We can study the distribution of $\sigma^*(n)$ for different values of $n$ and investigate its properties.
Establishing a more precise upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ : We can try to establish a more precise upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ by using more advanced techniques.
Investigating the relationship between $\sigma^*(n)$ and other number theoretic functions: We can study the relationship between $\sigma^*(n)$ and other number theoretic functions, such as the prime counting function or the Möbius function.

Introduction

In our previous article, we explored the bounds of a variation of the divisor sum function, where the divisors are arranged in ascending order. In this article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about this topic.

Q: What is the divisor sum function?

A: The divisor sum function, denoted by $\sigma(n)$ , represents the sum of all positive divisors of a given number $n$ . For example, the divisors of $6$ are $1, 2, 3,$ and $6$ , so $\sigma(6) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12$ .

Q: What is the variation of the divisor sum function?

A: The variation of the divisor sum function, denoted by $\sigma^*(n)$ , is a variation of the divisor sum function where the divisors are arranged in ascending order. For example, the divisors of $6$ in ascending order are $1, 2, 3,$ and $6$ , so $\sigma^*(6) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12$ .

Q: What are the bounds of the variation of the divisor sum function?

A: We have established an upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ , which is $\log n + O(1)$ , and a lower bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ , which is $\log n - O(1)$ .

**Q: How do you prove the upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ ?**

A: We can prove the upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ by using the fact that the number of positive divisors of $n$ is at most $\log n + O(1)$ . We can then use the fact that the sum of the first $k$ positive integers is at most $\frac{k^2}{2}$ to establish the upper bound.

**Q: How do you prove the lower bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ ?**

A: We can prove the lower bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ by using the fact that the smallest positive divisor of $n$ is at least $1$ . We can then use the fact that the sum of the first $k$ positive integers is at least $\frac{k^2}{2}$ to establish the lower bound.

Q: What are some of the applications of the variation of the divisor sum function?

A: The variation of the divisor sum function has several applications in number theory, including:

Prime number theory: The variation of the divisor sum function can be used to study the distribution of prime numbers.
Algebraic number theory: The variation of the divisor sum function can be used to study the properties of algebraic number fields.
Analytic number theory: The variation of the divisor sum function can be used to study the properties of analytic functions.

Q: What are some of the open problems related to the variation of the divisor sum function?

A: Some of the open problems related to the variation of the divisor sum function include:

Establishing a more precise upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ : We can try to establish a more precise upper bound for $\sigma^*(n)$ by using more advanced techniques.
Investigating the distribution of $\sigma^*(n)$ : We can study the distribution of $\sigma^*(n)$ for different values of $n$ and investigate its properties.
Establishing a relationship between $\sigma^*(n)$ and other number theoretic functions: We can study the relationship between $\sigma^*(n)$ and other number theoretic functions, such as the prime counting function or the Möbius function.

By exploring these open problems, we can gain a deeper understanding of the variation of the divisor sum function and its properties, and we can develop new techniques for studying number theoretic functions.

Conclusion

In this article, we have answered some of the most frequently asked questions about the bounds of a variation of the divisor sum function. We have also discussed some of the applications and open problems related to this topic. By continuing to study the variation of the divisor sum function, we can gain a deeper understanding of the properties of number theoretic functions and develop new techniques for studying these functions.