Correlation between Shock Index and GRACE Score

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 4 views

The Role of the Shock Index as a Predictor of Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Non-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the ST Segment

Background

Acute myocardial infarction Non-elevation ST (IMANEST) segment is a serious medical condition that requires immediate and intensive attention. The patient handling process is crucial in determining the right course of action, given the broad variation in clinical presentation. One of the tools used to assess the risk of death in IMANEST patients is the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores. However, the use of this score in the field, especially in rural and isolated areas, is often hampered by its complexity and the need for various laboratory parameters that take time.

As an alternative, the shock index, which is calculated from the ratio between the heart rate and systolic blood pressure, is considered to reflect the level of neurohormonal compensation in the patient's body due to myocardial necrosis. This study aims to evaluate whether the shock index can be used as a predictor of major cardiovascular events (KKVM) in IMANEST patients. The shock index has been identified as a potential predictor of mortality in various studies, but its role in predicting KKVM in IMANEST patients has not been extensively explored.

Methodology

This research is an observational study with a prospective design, which involves 49 patients from four different hospitals between March to May 2017. Patients are divided into two groups based on the value of the shock index. During the inpatient period, observations were made to evaluate the relationship between the shock index and the KKVM incidence, which included cardiovascular mortality, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, and life-threatening arrhythmias.

The study design and methodology are crucial in determining the validity and reliability of the results. The use of a prospective design allows for the collection of data over time, which can provide valuable insights into the relationship between the shock index and KKVM. The division of patients into two groups based on the value of the shock index enables the researchers to compare the incidence of KKVM between the two groups.

Results

Findings indicate that a high shock index (more than 0.7) can be a predictor of the occurrence of KKVM in hospitals with a P value of 0.037 and the relative risk reaches 3.56, although it does not function as an independent predictor. In addition, a gradual increase in the shock index value does not show a significant impact on KKVM predictions. The results of this study also show that the shock index cannot be used to predict patient mortality. Conversely, the factors related to death include higher age, decreased kidney function, and GRACE score.

The results of this study provide valuable insights into the role of the shock index as a predictor of KKVM in IMANEST patients. The finding that a high shock index is associated with an increased risk of KKVM suggests that the shock index may be a useful tool in risk stratification and clinical management of IMANEST patients.

Correlation between Shock Index and GRACE Score

The results of this study also show a significant correlation between the shock index and the GRACE score, with p < 0.0001 and r = 0.592. This finding suggests that the shock index may be a useful tool in predicting the risk of KKVM in IMANEST patients, particularly in areas where the GRACE score is not readily available.

Conclusion

The shock index, as a simple measurement tool, has the potential to be used as a predictor of the occurrence of KKVM in context with limited resources, such as in developing countries, including Indonesia. Thus, the use of this index can provide significant benefits in the clinical management of patients with IMANEST, especially in areas that lack adequate medical facilities.

The implementation of the shock index as a clinical aid can help improve the results of treatment and reduce the incidence of serious complications in patients with myocardial infarction. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the potential of the shock index as a predictor of KKVM in IMANEST patients.

Implications for Clinical Practice

The findings of this study have significant implications for clinical practice, particularly in areas where resources are limited. The use of the shock index as a predictor of KKVM in IMANEST patients can help clinicians to identify patients who are at high risk of developing serious complications and to provide them with appropriate treatment and care.

The shock index is a simple and non-invasive measurement tool that can be easily obtained in clinical settings. Its use can help to improve the accuracy of risk stratification and clinical management of IMANEST patients, particularly in areas where resources are limited.

Future Directions

The implementation of the shock index as a clinical aid can help to improve the results of treatment and reduce the incidence of serious complications in patients with myocardial infarction. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of the shock index as a predictor of KKVM in IMANEST patients and to confirm its role in clinical practice.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations that need to be addressed in future studies. The sample size of the study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. In addition, the study was conducted in a single hospital setting, which may not be representative of all hospitals.

The use of a prospective design allows for the collection of data over time, which can provide valuable insights into the relationship between the shock index and KKVM. However, the study design and methodology are crucial in determining the validity and reliability of the results.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the shock index has the potential to be used as a predictor of the occurrence of KKVM in IMANEST patients. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the role of the shock index as a predictor of KKVM in IMANEST patients. The implementation of the shock index as a clinical aid can help improve the results of treatment and reduce the incidence of serious complications in patients with myocardial infarction.

Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the potential of the shock index as a predictor of KKVM in IMANEST patients. The use of the shock index as a predictor of KKVM in IMANEST patients has the potential to improve the accuracy of risk stratification and clinical management of patients with myocardial infarction.
Q&A: The Role of the Shock Index as a Predictor of Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Non-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the ST Segment

Q: What is the shock index and how is it calculated?

A: The shock index is a simple measurement tool that is calculated from the ratio between the heart rate and systolic blood pressure. It is a non-invasive and easily obtainable measurement that can be used to assess the level of neurohormonal compensation in the patient's body due to myocardial necrosis.

Q: What is the significance of the shock index in predicting major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment?

A: The shock index has been identified as a potential predictor of major cardiovascular events (KKVM) in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment. A high shock index (more than 0.7) is associated with an increased risk of KKVM, including cardiovascular mortality, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, and life-threatening arrhythmias.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including a relatively small sample size and a single hospital setting. The study design and methodology are crucial in determining the validity and reliability of the results.

Q: Can the shock index be used as a standalone predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment?

A: The shock index is not an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment. However, it can be used in conjunction with other risk stratification tools, such as the GRACE score, to improve the accuracy of risk assessment.

Q: What are the implications of the study for clinical practice?

A: The study has significant implications for clinical practice, particularly in areas where resources are limited. The use of the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment can help clinicians to identify patients who are at high risk of developing serious complications and to provide them with appropriate treatment and care.

Q: What are the future directions for research on the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment?

A: Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the potential of the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment. The use of the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment has the potential to improve the accuracy of risk stratification and clinical management of patients with myocardial infarction.

Q: Can the shock index be used in conjunction with other risk stratification tools to improve the accuracy of risk assessment?

A: Yes, the shock index can be used in conjunction with other risk stratification tools, such as the GRACE score, to improve the accuracy of risk assessment. The use of multiple risk stratification tools can help clinicians to identify patients who are at high risk of developing serious complications and to provide them with appropriate treatment and care.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment?

A: The potential benefits of using the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment include improved accuracy of risk stratification and clinical management of patients with myocardial infarction, reduced incidence of serious complications, and improved patient outcomes.

Q: What are the potential limitations of using the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment?

A: The potential limitations of using the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment include the need for further research to confirm the findings of this study, the potential for bias in the study design and methodology, and the need for further validation of the shock index as a predictor of major cardiovascular events in patients with non-elevation acute myocardial infarction of the ST segment.