Characteristics of Isotopes

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 106 views

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei but differ in the number of neutrons. This difference in neutron number affects the atomic mass of the isotopes, resulting in variations in their physical and chemical properties. In this article, we will explore which pair of atoms constitutes a pair of isotopes of the same element.

What are Isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number (number of protons) but differ in their atomic mass (number of protons and neutrons). The atomic number is a unique identifier for each element, and it determines the chemical properties of an atom. Isotopes, on the other hand, have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic mass, which affects their physical properties.

Characteristics of Isotopes

Isotopes have several characteristics that distinguish them from each other:

Same atomic number: Isotopes have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei, which determines their chemical properties.
Different atomic mass: Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons in their atomic nuclei, which affects their physical properties.
Same chemical properties: Isotopes have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of protons, which determines their chemical behavior.
Different physical properties: Isotopes have different physical properties, such as mass, density, and boiling point, due to their different numbers of neutrons.

Examples of Isotopes

Some examples of isotopes include:

Hydrogen-1 (protium) and Hydrogen-2 (deuterium) are two isotopes of hydrogen with atomic numbers 1 and atomic masses 1 and 2, respectively.
Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are two isotopes of carbon with atomic numbers 6 and atomic masses 12 and 14, respectively.

Which Pair of Atoms Constitutes a Pair of Isotopes of the Same Element?

To determine which pair of atoms constitutes a pair of isotopes of the same element, we need to examine the atomic numbers and atomic masses of the given options.

Option A: ${$ { }{10}^{19} x \quad { }{9}^{19} x$}$

In this option, the atomic numbers of the two atoms are different (10 and 9), which means they are not isotopes of the same element.

Option B: ${$ { }{10}^{20} x \quad { }{11}^{21} x$}$

In this option, the atomic numbers of the two atoms are different (10 and 11), which means they are not isotopes of the same element.

Option C: ${$ { }{9}^{17} x \quad { }{8}^{17} x$}$

In this option, the atomic numbers of the two atoms are different (9 and 8), which means they are not isotopes of the same element.

Option D: ${$ { }{8}^{17} x \quad { }{8}^{18} x$}$

In this option, the atomic numbers of the two atoms are the same (8), which means they are isotopes of the same element. The difference in atomic mass (17 and 18) indicates that they are different isotopes of the same element.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the pair of atoms that constitutes a pair of isotopes of the same element is:

Option D: ${$ { }{8}^{17} x \quad { }{8}^{18} x$}$

This pair of atoms has the same atomic number (8) but different atomic masses (17 and 18), which makes them isotopes of the same element.

References

Isotopes. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes
Atomic Number. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number
Atomic Mass. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Isotopes =====================================================

Isotopes are a fundamental concept in chemistry, and understanding them can be a bit challenging. In this article, we will address some frequently asked questions about isotopes to help you better comprehend this topic.

Q: What is the difference between isotopes and isobars?

A: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons. Isobars, on the other hand, are atoms of different elements that have the same mass number (number of protons and neutrons) but differ in the number of protons.

Q: How do isotopes affect the physical properties of an element?

A: Isotopes can affect the physical properties of an element, such as its mass, density, and boiling point. For example, the isotope of hydrogen with an atomic mass of 2 (deuterium) has a different boiling point than the isotope of hydrogen with an atomic mass of 1 (protium).

Q: Can isotopes be used to determine the age of a sample?

A: Yes, isotopes can be used to determine the age of a sample. For example, the isotope of carbon-14 is used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of organic materials.

Q: How do isotopes affect the chemical properties of an element?

A: Isotopes do not affect the chemical properties of an element. The chemical properties of an element are determined by its atomic number (number of protons), which is the same for all isotopes of an element.

Q: Can isotopes be used to distinguish between different elements?

A: No, isotopes cannot be used to distinguish between different elements. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons.

Q: What is the significance of isotopes in nuclear medicine?

A: Isotopes are used in nuclear medicine to diagnose and treat various medical conditions. For example, the isotope of iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid cancer.

Q: Can isotopes be used to determine the origin of a sample?

A: Yes, isotopes can be used to determine the origin of a sample. For example, the isotope of oxygen-18 is used to determine the origin of water samples.

Q: How do isotopes affect the biological properties of an element?

A: Isotopes can affect the biological properties of an element, such as its toxicity and bioavailability. For example, the isotope of lead-210 is more toxic than the isotope of lead-207.

Q: Can isotopes be used to distinguish between different isotopes of the same element?

A: Yes, isotopes can be used to distinguish between different isotopes of the same element. For example, the isotope of carbon-12 can be distinguished from the isotope of carbon-14 using mass spectrometry.

Conclusion

In conclusion, isotopes are a fundamental concept in chemistry that can be used to understand the physical and chemical properties of elements. By understanding isotopes, we can better comprehend the behavior of elements and their applications in various fields.

References

Isotopes. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes
Atomic Number. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number
Atomic Mass. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass
Isotopes in Nuclear Medicine. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_in_nuclear_medicine