Background of Endometrial Cancer

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 133 views

Characteristics of Patients with Endometrial Cancer in RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan 2012-2015

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common types of cancer affecting women worldwide. In Indonesia, recent studies have shown a significant increase in the incidence of endometrial cancer, with a prevalence of around 7.2 million cases per year at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta. Interestingly, the age group of endometrial cancer sufferers in Indonesia tends to be younger compared to those in Western and European countries. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of endometrial cancer patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in the 2012 to 2015 time span.

Background of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. It is the most common type of cancer affecting the female reproductive system. The exact cause of endometrial cancer is still unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including obesity, hormone replacement therapy, and genetic mutations. In Indonesia, the prevalence of endometrial cancer is increasing, and it is essential to understand the characteristics of patients with this disease to provide effective treatment and prevention strategies.

Methodology

This study uses a descriptive design with a population and sample consisting of all endometrial cancer sufferers treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during 2012-2015. The data collected comes from the patient's medical record, then processed manually using SPSS software. The analysis results are presented in the form of tables and graphs to facilitate understanding.

Results

From this study, it was found that the number of endometrial cancer sufferers in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during 2012-2015 was 48 people. Based on age analysis, the most commonly found age group is above 55 years, with a percentage of 52.1%. In addition, most sufferers, namely 97.9%, are married. The average body mass index (BMI) patient is in the overweight-obesity category, which is 68.8%. Patients with the highest number of parity are multipara groups, which have more than one child, with a percentage of 62.5%. Most patients come at stage II cancer, which covers 37.5% of the total cases. The most common type of cancer cells found is endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which contributes 91.7% of all cases.

Characteristics of Patients with Endometrial Cancer

The results of this study show that patients with endometrial cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during 2012-2015 have several common characteristics. The most significant characteristics include:

Age: The majority of patients are above 55 years old, with a percentage of 52.1%.
Marital Status: Most patients are married, with a percentage of 97.9%.
Body Mass Index (BMI): The average BMI of patients is in the overweight-obesity category, which is 68.8%.
Parity: Patients with the highest number of parity are multipara groups, which have more than one child, with a percentage of 62.5%.
Stage of Cancer: Most patients come at stage II cancer, which covers 37.5% of the total cases.
Type of Cancer Cells: The most common type of cancer cells found is endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which contributes 91.7% of all cases.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that during 2012-2015, there were 48 patients with endometrial cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital. The main characteristics of the patient consist of women aged over 55 years (45.8%), the majority of marriage status (97.9%), have an overweight-obesity body mass index (68.8%), and most are multipara with more than one child (62.5%). In addition, most cases are found in stage II (37.5%) with an adenocarcinoma endometrioid cancer cell type (91.7%). This information is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer and help in future handling and prevention.

Implications of the Study

The results of this study have several implications for the treatment and prevention of endometrial cancer. Firstly, the high prevalence of endometrial cancer in Indonesia highlights the need for early detection and treatment strategies. Secondly, the characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer, such as age, marital status, BMI, parity, stage of cancer, and type of cancer cells, can help healthcare providers to develop targeted treatment plans. Finally, the study's findings can inform public health campaigns and education programs to raise awareness about the risk factors and symptoms of endometrial cancer.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations that should be acknowledged. Firstly, the sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, the study relies on medical records, which may not provide a comprehensive picture of the patients' characteristics. Finally, the study does not control for potential confounding variables, such as socioeconomic status and access to healthcare.

Future Research Directions

This study highlights several areas for future research. Firstly, larger-scale studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer in different populations. Secondly, studies are needed to investigate the risk factors and symptoms of endometrial cancer in Indonesia. Finally, studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prevention strategies for endometrial cancer in Indonesia.

References

[1] World Health Organization. (2018). Cancer: Fact Sheets.
[2] National Cancer Institute. (2020). Endometrial Cancer.
[3] Indonesian Ministry of Health. (2019). Cancer Incidence in Indonesia.
[4] H. Adam Malik Hospital. (2012-2015). Medical Records of Endometrial Cancer Patients.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Endometrial Cancer

Q: What is endometrial cancer?

A: Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. It is the most common type of cancer affecting the female reproductive system.

Q: What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?

A: Several risk factors have been identified for endometrial cancer, including:

Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
Hormone replacement therapy: Taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for an extended period can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations, such as Lynch syndrome, can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Family history: Having a family history of endometrial cancer can increase the risk.
Age: The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age, especially after the age of 50.

Q: What are the symptoms of endometrial cancer?

A: The symptoms of endometrial cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Common symptoms include:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding: Unusual bleeding or spotting between periods, after sex, or after menopause.
Pelvic pain: Pain in the pelvic area, which can be a dull ache or a sharp pain.
Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding: Excessive bleeding or prolonged bleeding during periods.
Frequent urination: Needing to urinate more frequently than usual.

Q: How is endometrial cancer diagnosed?

A: Endometrial cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of the following methods:

Pap smear: A Pap smear is a screening test that involves collecting cells from the cervix to check for abnormal cell growth.
Endometrial biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a sample of tissue from the endometrium to examine for cancer cells.
Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, can help identify the location and size of the tumor.
Hysteroscopy: Hysteroscopy involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end to visualize the inside of the uterus.

Q: What are the treatment options for endometrial cancer?

A: The treatment options for endometrial cancer depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatment options include:

Surgery: Surgery to remove the tumor and affected tissue.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells and prevent the growth of new tumors.
Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy to reduce the production of estrogen, which can fuel the growth of endometrial cancer cells.

Q: What is the prognosis for endometrial cancer?

A: The prognosis for endometrial cancer depends on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. In general, the prognosis for endometrial cancer is good, especially if the cancer is detected and treated early.

Q: How can I reduce my risk of endometrial cancer?

A: Several lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of endometrial cancer, including:

Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
Exercising regularly: Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.
Eating a balanced diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.
Avoiding hormone replacement therapy: Avoiding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.

Q: Where can I find more information about endometrial cancer?

A: There are several resources available to learn more about endometrial cancer, including:

American Cancer Society: The American Cancer Society provides information and resources on endometrial cancer, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
National Cancer Institute: The National Cancer Institute provides information and resources on endometrial cancer, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
H. Adam Malik Hospital: H. Adam Malik Hospital provides information and resources on endometrial cancer, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.