Analysis of Factors Affecting Depression in the Elderly

Oct 13, 2025 by windailys.com 53 views

The Relationship Between Age, Marriage Status, Education Level, Retirement Length, and Rank Group with Depressive Syndrome in the Elderly Retirement of TNI-AD Soldiers Who Still Live in the Dormitory

Introduction

Depression in the elderly, also known as late-life depression, is a depressive syndrome that can be recognized through the criteria listed in DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10. In Indonesia, one of the institutions that has the elderly population is the Indonesian National Army (TNI), which consists of three dimensions: land, sea, and air. In the TNI, the rank is divided into three groups: officers, non-commissioned officers, and tamtama, each with various levels of rank. When TNI soldiers ended the service, they got a retirement status. Pension is a form of appreciation given based on applicable provisions, and is usually accompanied by benefits to help their lives after retirement.

The Importance of Understanding Depression in the Elderly

Retirement can be one of the factors that affect mental health, especially in the elderly, where these status changes are often accompanied by feelings of loss of identity and the purpose of life. To assess mental health, including depression, in the elderly, measuring instruments such as mini mental state examination (MMSE) and geriatric depression scale (GDS) are used. MMSE is a tool that is useful for detecting cognitive disorders, while GDS is specifically designed to assess depression among the elderly through a short questionnaire which includes 30 questions.

Research Methodology

Research conducted at the TNI-AD Dormitory Sunggar, Marindar, and Abdul Hamid Medan from April 1 to July 31, 2012, focused on the elderly retired TNI-AD soldiers living in the dormitory. The method used is a cross-sectional analysis with non-probability sampling sampling and data analysis using SPSS. This study aims to understand the relationship between age, marital status, education level, pension length, and rank with depressive syndrome.

Results

The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the level of education and depression syndrome. However, found a significant relationship between age groups, marital status, retirement time, and rank with depressive syndrome. Analysis shows that the elderly with a marital status that is less stable or those who have long retirement tend to experience higher symptoms of depression. This may be caused by major changes in life, losing social routine, or lack of emotional support.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Depression in the Elderly

1. Age

As a very influential factor, the more age, a person's physical and mental condition tends to decrease. The elderly are more vulnerable to feelings of loneliness and loss, especially if they do not have strong social support.

2. Marriage Status

Elderly who have lost a partner or live alone often experience loneliness, which is a risk factor for depression. Marriage status provides emotional support which is very important for mental well-being.

3. Educational Level

Although this research shows there is no significant relationship, it is possible that the level of education can affect the way individuals deal with stress and changes in life. Individuals with higher education may be better able to access information about mental health and find support.

4. Retirement Length

Elderly who have long retired tend to feel a greater impact than the loss of structure and purpose in life.

5. Rank Group

A higher rank group may have more access to resources and support, but it can also have higher social expectations. This can increase pressure and worsen the feeling of depression if the expectations are not met.

Conclusion

By understanding the factors that contribute to depression syndrome in the elderly retired TNI-AD, related parties can design more effective interventions to support the mental health of the elderly. A comprehensive approach, which includes social support, activities that build a sense of goals, and proper mental health management, it is very important to improve the quality of life of the elderly in the dormitory.

Recommendations

Social Support: Provide social support to the elderly, such as counseling, group therapy, and social activities.
Activities that Build a Sense of Goals: Encourage the elderly to engage in activities that build a sense of purpose and meaning, such as volunteering, hobbies, and creative pursuits.
Proper Mental Health Management: Provide access to proper mental health management, such as medication, therapy, and support groups.
Education and Awareness: Educate the elderly and their families about depression, its symptoms, and its treatment options.
Community-Based Interventions: Develop community-based interventions that address the specific needs of the elderly, such as home-based care, transportation, and meal delivery.

By implementing these recommendations, we can improve the quality of life of the elderly in the dormitory and reduce the risk of depression.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Depression in the Elderly

Q: What is depression in the elderly?

A: Depression in the elderly, also known as late-life depression, is a depressive syndrome that can be recognized through the criteria listed in DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10. It is a common mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide, including the elderly.

Q: What are the symptoms of depression in the elderly?

A: The symptoms of depression in the elderly can be similar to those experienced by younger adults, but may also include:

Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed
Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
Fatigue or loss of energy
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or hopelessness
Thoughts of death or suicidal ideation

Q: What are the risk factors for depression in the elderly?

A: The risk factors for depression in the elderly include:

Age: Depression is more common in older adults
Marital status: Being single, widowed, or divorced increases the risk of depression
Retirement: Retirement can lead to feelings of loss of identity and purpose
Social isolation: Lack of social support and isolation can contribute to depression
Medical conditions: Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, can increase the risk of depression
Medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants, can contribute to depression

Q: How is depression in the elderly diagnosed?

A: Depression in the elderly is diagnosed through a combination of:

Clinical interviews: A healthcare professional will ask questions about symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle
Physical examination: A healthcare professional will perform a physical examination to rule out underlying medical conditions
Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests may be ordered to rule out underlying medical conditions
Mental status examination: A healthcare professional will assess cognitive function, mood, and behavior

Q: What are the treatment options for depression in the elderly?

A: The treatment options for depression in the elderly include:

Medications: Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can be effective in treating depression
Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) can be effective in treating depression
Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, healthy eating, and adequate sleep can help alleviate symptoms of depression
Social support: Social support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals can help alleviate symptoms of depression

Q: Can depression in the elderly be prevented?

A: While depression in the elderly cannot be completely prevented, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk:

Regular exercise: Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of depression
Healthy eating: A healthy diet can help reduce the risk of depression
Social support: Social support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals can help reduce the risk of depression
Mental health screening: Regular mental health screening can help identify depression early, when it is easier to treat

Q: Where can I find help for depression in the elderly?

A: If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of depression, there are many resources available:

Healthcare professionals: Primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and psychologists can provide diagnosis and treatment
Mental health clinics: Mental health clinics can provide diagnosis, treatment, and support
Support groups: Support groups, such as the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), can provide support and education
Online resources: Online resources, such as the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), can provide information and support.